情态动词是动词大家族中的重要一员。虽然比起行为动词这个“超级大国”来它只是一个人口稀少的小国,但在表情意上,它却有着不可替代的作用。有了情态动词的点缀,英语这朵语言之花才更显绚丽多姿,你说对吗?让我们在临近中考之际,再次相约情态动词,与其第二次握手吧!
[概述]情态动词表示行为主体或说话者的感情和态度,无人称和数的变化(have to除外)。它本身有一定含义,但其意义并不完整。它必须与其他动词一起合作构成谓语,才能表达相对完整的意义。如“他可能在家”这句话,我们不能说成He may at home.正确的说法应该是He may be/stay at home.从本质上说,情态动词也相当于一种助动词,它可以构成否定句、疑问句等。
[中考热点]纵观近年各地中考试题,中考中对情态动词的考查大多以单项选择、完形填空形式出现,有时也出现在短文改错或听力测试中。但不管以何种形式考查,只要我们把握重点,吃透用法,就能以不变应万变。让我们再回顾一下几个常用情态动词的意义及用法吧。
1.must与have to
must意为“应当,必须”,侧重于说话者的主观看法或认识,其否定式mustn't表示“禁止、不允许”。在由must构成的一般问句中,肯定回答用Yes,主语(代)+must.否定回答用No,主语(代)+needn't/don't have to.例如:
①We must work hard on English.
我们必须努力学习英语。
②You mustn't miss the early bus,or you'll be late.
你不能错过早班车,要不就会迟到了。
③Must we go to work on foot?No,we don't have to/needn't.We can go to work by bike.
我们必须步行去上班吗?不必,我们可以骑车去。
have to指在客观条件下,迫使主语“不得不”去做某事,它有人称、数及时态的变化,在情态动词中有点“另类”。如:
①Kate was hurt badly yesterday.She had to see the doctor.
②The train has left.We'll have to wait for the next train.
③Does she have to look after the baby? Yes,she does,because nobody is at home except her.
2.need
need是个“双栖明星”。它既可以用作情态动词,也可用作行为动词。用作情态动词时,它只能用于疑问句、否定句或条件状语从句中;在肯定句中need只能用作实义动词,后接名词、动词不定式(主动意思)或动词-ing形式(被动意思)。例如:
①He needs two more hours to finish it.
②My shoes need repairing.(被动含义)
③The player needed to have a rest.(主动含义)
3.can与may
can与may都可表示请求、允许。除此之外,can还可表示能力,may也可表示祝愿。如:
①She can sing several English songs.
②May that day come soon.
③May I come in?No,you can't.
4.shall与will
shall一般用于第一人称,用于征求意见、提出建议,用于第二、三人称则含有命令或警告意味。will表示“意愿、决心”。例如:
①What shall I do?
②You shall clean the window.(有命令之意)
③I will try my best to help you.
5.had better
had better主要用于陈述句,表示建议。其否定形式为had better not,后接动词原形,意为“最好不要”。例如:
①It's cold outside.You'd better put on your coat.
②You'd better not play games.Work must come first.
[难点聚焦]
1.表示推测的can,may与must
在表示可能性的推测中,must的可能性最大,它一般只用在肯定结构中;can常用于否定句或疑问句中;may则用于肯定句或否定句中。请看例句:
①Who can it be?It may be Bob.
②The girl in red must be Lucy.
③The man can't be her father.He is too young.
另外,在反意疑问句中,当may,can,must表示推测时,附加问句应以后面的动词为判断标准。请看:
Mr.Li must be in the office,isn't he?
2.并非过去的should,would,could, might
这几个情态动词虽然都是过去式形式,但它们却更多地用来表示现在时间,表达一种委婉的语气,是情态动词中的“婉约派”。如:
①We should protect the environment.
②Would you like to come with me?
③Could you help me?
④We might help you.
[中考演习]
一、用适当的情态动词填空。
1._____ we play football now?Good idea!
2._____ you mind my smoking?
3.We _____ (not)walk on the grass.
4.—That sweater _____ be mine.
—No,it _____ be yours.
5.Jim left his book at home.He _____ borrow one from his classmate.
6._____ you both be happy!
7._____ you lend me your bike?Yes,of course.Here you are.
8._____ I do it now?No,you _____ .You may do it next week.
9.There are some papers you can use .You _____ buy any.
10.Could I borrow your pen?Yes,you _____ .
11._____ I have your name,please?
12.They'll go hiking tomorrow ,so _____ we.
13.The book _____ be returned before Sunday.
14.Mother is ill.She _____ stay at home and look after her.
15.Now David _____ speak a little Chinese,but he _____ speak Japanese.
Key:
情态动词复习概要
一、1.Shall 2.Would 3.musn't 4.must,can't 5.had to
6.May 7.Could/Will 8.Must,needn't 9.needn't/don't have to
10.can 11.May/Could 12.will 13.must/can
14.has to 15.can,can't