写作专练参考答案

I. 1. 两个分句之间不能构成直接的因果关系，应指出合适的原因。可修改为：He worked very hard because he was a college teacher teaching five classes.

    2. 该题让人莫名其妙，两件事情没有时间顺序，没有逻辑关系，只是生硬地捏合在一起。可以这样修改：He watched the serial on TV and then began to hate Robert who was the murderer in it.   

    3. 该句的因果关系不合逻辑。可改为：No further discussion arising,　the meeting was brought to a close.

    4. 该题不定式短语的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致。可以调整为：To succeed in developing a new kind of software, you need persistence and knowledge.

    5. 该题省略不当，造成误解。第二句可改为：But I don’t think she might perform the chief violin tonight.

    6. 该句应改为：We could imagine what an ordinary man would do in utter despair.注意词或短语作修饰语时，如果不靠近它所修饰的词，就会使句子意思改变。

    7. 应改为：The house is too small for a family of four；furthermore, it is in a bad location. 加上连接词，使句子连贯。

    8. As teachers, we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think ought to be said. 注意在写英语句子时，不要用汉语思维，该用被动语态却误用主动语态。

    9. 把make改成makes。因为bread and butter是一个整体概念。

    10. 把is改成are。本句主语为What引导的从句What are often regarded as impossible dreams for common people，该从句中谓语动词为复数形式are，所以主句谓语动词也应为are。

    II. 本段扩展句的写法用分类法。主题句很明了：为孩子请保姆的家长可分为三类。三个扩展句分别说明这三类家长的不同特点：第一类是两个人都在职；第二类是两个人在家，但家务事多；第三类是父母无论有无时间在家，都请保姆代替自己做家务与照顾孩子。

    在用分类法写扩展句时，要使用同一标准分类，不能同时使用两个或更多的标准，避免有些类别未提到，有些又被重复说明。

    In my experience, the parents who hire daytime sitters for their school-age children tend to fall into one of the three groups. ①The first group includes parents who work and want someone to be at home when the children return from school. These parents are looking for an extension for themselves, someone who will take care of their children when they are not at home. ②The second group includes parents who may be home all day but are too disorganized or too frazzled by their children’s demands to handle child-care alone. They are looking for an organizer and helpmate. ③The third and final group includes parents who do not want to be bothered by their children, whether they are home all day or not. Unlike parents in the first two groups, who care for their children whenever and however they can, these parents are looking for a permanent substitute for themselves.

    III. A.该文属于“说明利弊型”论说文，其写作步骤为：

    描述某一事物（或现象）→分析其优点→分析其缺点→我的观点

Studying Abroad

    Nowadays, studying abroad gains popularity in China. Many rich parents would rather send their children abroad to receive education than let them be educated in China.

    As everything has two sides, studying abroad is not an exception. There are advantages for one to attend school abroad. In the first place, he can use the foreign language in his daily life so that his ability in the foreign language may be GREatly improved, as it is obvious that there is no better opportunity to improve foreign language skills than living in the country where it is spoken. Secondly, while studying in a foreign country, he will most likely encounter many others from overseas and it is possible to make friends with those from all around the world. This is not only exciting on a social level, but could lead to important overseas contacts in his career as well. Thirdly, we can get acquainted with the latest knowledge in science and make use of the first-rate facilities available. In this way, there is every chance that he is able to  broaden his mind.

    Of course, attending schools abroad may bring about a series of problems. The most serious problem is language barrier. Most of the students who are ready to go abroad do not have adequate proficiency in the language spoken there. As a result, on arriving there, they will find it difficult to understand what the instructors say. Besides, for lack of knowledge of the customs of the local people, they may constantly run into trouble in dealing with various situations. Inevitably, misunderstanding often arise. Furthermore, the tuition and the cost of living is much higher than that in our country, which may add more burden to their family finance.

Therefore, given an opportunity to attend a school abroad, one must consider both sides of the factors carefully before making up his mind.

    B．该文属于“独立观点型”论说文，其写作步骤为：

    引出话题→一种观点→另一种观点→我的观点

    Being the Only Child Is More Advantageous?

    Since the policy of family planning was carried out in early 1980’s, one-child family has become most common in China. The only child in a family enjoys some privileges, yet meanwhile, he has to endure some disadvantages.

    On the one hand, compared with a big family with several children, one-child family has lighter financial burden, which enables the only child to receive better  education. Parents usually devote themselves to bringing up the only child, supplying the best facilities and perfect care. The only child thus is of GREat significance for his later development to some extent.

    On the other hand the only child has to suffer some disadvantages. Generally speaking, the only child is spoiled by the grandparents and parents. He is usually overbearing, self-centered, emotionally fragile, and unable to stand failures. Moreover, relying too much on his parents, he tends to be dependent in character. In working, he often fails to cooperate with others. Finally, because of the favorable conditions under which he is brought up, he cannot study or work hard, and always loses heart when meeting setbacks.

    In my opinion, it is hard to say now whether being the only child is more advantageous or not. But if the parents and the school put much emphasis in the cultivation of the children’s qualities and competence, and try to remedy defects in the system of education, I am sure being the only child will be more advantageous in the near future.

    C．该文属于“问题解决型”论说文，其写作步骤为：

    1．描述情况（问题）→分析原因→我的看法

    2．提出问题→分析各种解决办法→结论

Problem of Piracy

    Nowadays, the problem of piracy has become more and more serious. Books, tapes, VCDs and other hightech products have been pirated. For instance, when a new product comes into market, most probably, its pirated counterpart will soon put on its appearance in the market, too.

    Piracy has caused a GREat loss to legitimate producers, inventors and writers in many ways. To start with, the pirated products often cost much less than the    genuine ones so that they enjoy a better trading position in spite of their relatively poor quality. The genuine products, on the contrary, sell poorly. What’s worse,    pirated books, sometimes, do great harm to the authors’ reputation due to some misprints. In the long run, pirated products may have a negative impact on customers because those legitimate producers’ creativity and enthusiasm may be deeply hurt by the fact that some customers are more interested in the pirated products for the sake of small gains.

    In my opinion, it’s high time that everyone started the battle against piracy. First, customers should develop their consciousness to resist the pirated products. Besides, the government should take effective measures to put an end to piracy. Finally， laws must be strictly enforced to completely ban piracy. Only in this way can we wipe the pirated products out of our life.

    D．该文属于“阐述主题型”论说文，其写作步骤为：

    1． 引出主题→我的观点→结论

    2． 揭示格言成语的寓意→以例证展开论证→结论

An Ideal Teacher in the 21st Century

    In my mind an ideal teacher must possess the following qualities.　Firstly, he should be learned or knowledgeable not only about his subject but also about other related disciplines. Secondly, he should be enthusiastic about his profession and determined to dedicate to teaching. Thirdly, he should be kind, encouraging, and helpful and he should motivate his students to seek knowledge.

    Now we have entered a new century, which is a time of advanced scientific and technological knowledge. All teachers have to meet various challenges of this time as well as the increasing demand of the students. Therefore, apart from the above-mentioned qualities, an ideal teacher in the new century must possess some other qualities. In the first place, he should be creative in thinking and devote himself to educational reform. In the second place, he should be skillful in working on computers and make the best use of all the latest teaching  equipment to facilitate his classroom teaching.

    To sum up, only a person with the spirit of devotion, profound updated knowledge and all-round talents can be a good and qualified teacher in the new century.