19. s. + vt.+n./pron.+that clause
A.本句型中的间接宾语是名词或代词,直接宾语是that从句。常用的动词有:accuse(指控), admonish(告戒), advise(告知), acquaint(通知), alert(警告), answer(回答), apprise(通知),assure(使……确信), beg(恳求), beseech(恳求), bet(打赌), caution(警告), convince(使……信服), cable(用电报通知),congratulate(私自庆幸), desire(要求), enjoin(嘱咐), entreat(恳求), exhort(规劝), grant(假定……正确), implore(乞求), inform(通知), instruct(指示), kid(欺骗), lay(与……打赌), notify(通知), persuade(使……相信), petition(祈求), phone(打电话通知), promise(允诺), pray(请求), remind(使……想起), satisfy(使……相信), show(表明), reassure(使……放心), signal(用信号告知), tell(告诉), teach(教导), telegraph(用电报发送), upbraid(责备), wager(同……打赌), warn(警告),warrant(担保), whisper(低声说), wire(用电报发送), write(写信说)等。例:
I can assure you that if a message is really important it will reach you sooner or later. 我可以向你保证:如果一件事情很重要,它迟早都会让你知道的。
Would you please advise him that I'm here.请你告诉他我在这里。
He has warned the government that it would lead to riots. 他警告了政府:这会导致骚乱。
B. assure oneself that 是“证实……”, flatter oneself that是“自以为……”,satisfy oneself that是“ 确信……”。例:
He flattered himself that he would win the first prize. 它自以为会赢头奖。
He wanted to assure himself that Huck had not betrayed the secret. 他想证实一下:赫克没有泄露秘密。
C. 用于本句型的一些动词如accuse, advise, assure, convince, inform, notify, persuade, remind, warn 等,后面的that从句有时可替换为of短语:
We accused him that he had stolen the bike. / We accused him of having stolen the bike. 我们控告他盗窃自行车。
I notified him that I had changed my address. / I notified him of the change of my address. 我通知他我换了地址。
20. s.+ vt.+n./pron.+wh-inf
本句型中的直接宾语是“疑问代词或疑问副词+to不定式”,间接宾语是名词或代词。常见的动词有:advise(通知), ask(问),direct(指导),inform(通知),instruct(指导),remind(使……想起),show(通过示范教),teach(教), tell(告知),warn(警告)等。例如:
They showed me how to do the work.他演示给我看如何做这工作。
Please tell me where to go. 请告诉我到哪儿去。
21. s.+ vt.+n./pron.+wh-clause
本句型中的动词后面先接名词或代词,然后接疑问代词、疑问副词或if/whether 引导的从句。常用的动词有:acquaint(使……认识),advise(通知),ask(问),convince(使……确信),inform(告知),instruct(命令),notify(通知),prescribe(命令,指挥),question(询问),remind(提醒),satisfy(说服),show(表明),teach(教),tell(告诉),warn(警告)等。例:
Would you please advise us where we should unload our goods 请告诉我们在什么地方卸货。
Will you please show me how I should use it. 如何使用它,请给我示范。
I asked him if he knew anybody in New York. 我问他在纽约是否认识人。
The word Mr. does not tell us whether a man is married. Mr. 这个词并没有告诉我们一个男子是否已经结婚。
22. s.+ vt.+n./pro.+n./pro.
A.
本句型的动词后接两个名(代)词,第一个名(代)词是动词的宾语,第二个名(代)词是宾语的补足语。常用的动词有:abbreviate(缩写),acknowledge( 承认), acclaim(以欢呼声拥戴),appoint(委派),believe(认为),brand(污辱), call(叫),choose(选择),confess(宣称),consecrate(使……就任),consider(认为),constitute(任命),create(封授),crown(加冕),deem(认为),denominate(命名),designate(把……叫做),dub(给……起绰号),elect(选举),enrol (使……入伍),entitle (冠以名字),establish(确立), esteem(认为),find(发现),imag-ine(想象),incorporate(吸收), interpret(理解为),judge(判断),keep(保持),label(把……列为),leave(使处于某种状态), make(使成为),name(命名),nickname(起绰号为),nominate(指定),proclaim(宣布),promote(提升),pronounce(将……发音为),rate(列为),stamp(打上标记),style(称呼,命名),take(当作),think(认为),title(给……加标题为),warrant(保证)等。例:
They called the boy Tom. 他们叫这孩子汤姆。
He considered work a poor way to spend one's time. 他认为工作是消磨时光的可怜的办法。
His very appearance at any time proclaims it a triumph. 无论什么事情,只要他一露面,就算成功了。
动词的宾语也可能是反身代词:
Edison never considered himself a brilliant man. 爱迪生从来不认为自己是个聪明人。
The Chinese people have shown themselves exceptionally able people. 中国人的表现已经表示出他们是极为能干的民族。
B. 动词后接两个名(代)词,这两个名(代)词可能是“间接宾语+直接宾语”,也可能是“宾语+宾语的补足语”;注意宾语与其补足语之间逻辑上是主语和表语的关系:
The women considered him a very learned man. 女人们把他看成很有学问的人。(He was a very learned man. )
We'll keep it a secret. 我们要对此事保守秘密。(It is a secret.)
双宾语则没有这种关系:
TV often gives us new ideas. 电视常常给我们新思想。(*We are new ideas.)
有些动词能用于这两个句型,因此可以有两种理解:
We found him a good secretary.
我们发现他是个好秘书。(We found that he was a good secretary. )
我们为他找了个好秘书。(We found a good secretary for him.)
C. 本句型可以进一步扩展:用to 不定式或that从句做直接宾语。这时我们用形式宾语it 来代替它们:
A teacher should consider it his primary task to ensure that the students are engaged all of the time in meaningful practical activities. 教师应当认为这时他的首要职责是保证所有的学生在所有的时间里进行有意义的练习。
We all thought it a pity that he should have missed the train. 我们都认为他赶不上火车令人遗憾。
试比较以下句子中的直接宾语是动名词短语,但没有用形式宾语it:
The fact that we have to book seats in advance and dress a little better than usual makes going to a party an occasion. 我们必须提前定票,看戏时又穿着比平时好一些,这种做法使得看戏成为一件认真的事情。