5. for 与及物动词的搭配:
for 的主要含义有:
A.表示原因或理由。与之搭配的动词大多含有赞扬、批评、原谅、赔偿等意义,其宾语一般是人,试比较在汉语里,动词的宾语可能是事。例:
They all blamed me for the failure. 他们都责备我失败。
The father scolded the boy for being late for school. 父亲责备孩子上学迟到。
The commander cursed the men for showing the enemy where they were. 指挥员咒骂那些人把自己暴露给敌人。
The teacher praised the girl for her honesty. 老师称赞孩子诚实。
A blind man will not thank you for a looking-glass. （proverb） 瞎子不谢赠镜人。
其他还有:
admire sb. for sth. 钦佩某人某事
chide sb. for sth. 因某事责骂某人
commend sb. for sth. 称赞某人某事
condemn sb. for sth. 谴责某人某事
criticize sb. for sth. 批评某人某事
decorate sb. for sth. 因某事给某人授勋
denounce sb. for sth. 谴责某人某事
despise sb. for sth. 鄙视某人某事
fine sb. for sth. 因某事罚某人的款
forgive sb. for sth. 原谅某人某事
justify oneself for sth. 为自己的某事辩护
petition sb. for sth. 为某事向某人请愿
punish sb. for sth. 惩罚某人某事
recompense sb. for sth. 由于某事惩罚某人
rebuke sb. for sth. 斥责某人某事
reprimand sb. for sth. 为某事申斥某人
reproach sb. for/with sth. 指责某人某事
reprove sb. for sth. 为某事遣责某人
reward sb. for sth. 为某事答谢某人
sue sb. for sth. 为某事控告某人
B.表示替换:
She changed her old dress for a new one. 她脱下旧衣服,换上新衣裳。
He paid ten dollars for that dictionary. 他花了十美元买了那本词典。
He bid ￡ 20 for the painting. 他出价二十镑买这幅画。
类似的还有:
charge a price for sth 就某物要价
substitute A for B （cf. substitute B by/with A， replace B by A） 以A代替B
C.表示是谁或什么东西接受了动作:The Mississippi River and its branches now supply cheap electricity for machines in homes and on farms. 密西西比河及其支流现在为家庭和农场的机器提供廉价电力。
Machines provided the power for ships and trains. 机器给轮船和火车提供了动力。
D. 表示目的或要求:
He asked her for advice on reading. 他向她征求关于读书的意见。
The boy searched the room for the shoes. 孩子在房子里找鞋。
类似的又如:
coach sb. for the exam 辅导某人准备考试
comb a house for sth. 在房里找某物
crow sb. for an answer 催某人回答
E.表示成为什么人,胜任什么工作:
We all nominated him for the chairmanship. 我们一致提名他为主席。
His training qualified him for the post. 他受到的训练使他有资格担任这一工作。
He has been recommended for the reward. 他被提名获奖。
