[演讲英语] 杜鲁门主义

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Harry s. Truman (1884-1972)
Facts Years as President: 1945-1953
　　　Party affiliation: Democrat
　　　Occupations before President: Vice President
　　　Did you know: The U.S. President who ordered atomic bombs dropped on cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan

提示一：决定使用原子弹的正是杜鲁门总统，他同时也是防堵共产主义扩散的政策制定者。

提示二：哈里S杜鲁门是一位精神饱满、体力充沛、又不拘礼仪的老人。

　　二战结束后，冲突和内战仍然折磨着不少国家。而各大国、尤其是美国和苏联却为扩张他们的势力范围正在不遗余力地展开争夺。土耳其和希腊就是美苏在战后争夺的两个目标。杜鲁门总统于1947年3月12日发表致国会的咨文，要求国会向希腊和土耳其提供4亿美元的资金，国会同意了援助款项。这一通常被称为"杜鲁门主义"的援助政策，是美国对苏联称雄世界的野心的挑战，也是美国对外政策的重大转折点。当时它与"马歇尔计划"共同构成美国对外政策的基础，标志着美苏两国由战时的盟国变为战后的敌国，标志着美国政府第一次公开宣布将"冷战"作为国策

英文
The Truman Doctrine

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Delivered on March 12, 1947
　　Mr. President, Mr. Speaker, members of the ConGREss of the United States,

　　The United States has received from the Greek government an urgent appeal for financial and economic assistance. 1)Preliminary report from the American Economic Mission now in Greece, and reports from the American ambassador in Greece, 2)collaborate the statement of the Greek government that assistance is 3)imperative if Greece is to survive as a free nation. I do not believe that the American people and the Congress wish to turn a deaf ear to the appeal of the Greek government.

　　I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.

　　I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way.

I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid, which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes.

　　We must take immediate and 4)resolute action. I therefore ask the Congress to provide authority for assistance to Greece and Turkey in the amount of $400 million for the period ending June 30, 1948. In requesting these funds, I have taken into consideration the maximum amount of relief assistance which would be furnished to Greece out of the $350 million which I recently requested that the Congress authorize for the prevention of starvation and suffering in countries devastated by the war. In addition to funds, I ask the Congress to authorize the detail of American civilian and military personnel to Greece and Turkey at the request of those countries to assist in the tasks of reconstruction, and for the purpose of supervising the use of such financial and material assistance
　　as may be furnished. I recommend that authority also be provided for the instruction and training of selected Greek and Turkish personnel.

　　Finally I ask that the Congress provide authority which will permit the speediest and most effective use in terms of needed commodities, supplies and equipment as such funds as may be authorized. If further funds, or further authority should be needed for the purposes indicated in this message, I shall not hesitate to bring this situation before the Congress. On this subject, the executive and legislative branches of the government must work together. The free people of the world look to us for support in maintaining their freedom. If we falter in our leadership, we may endanger the peace of the world, and we shall surely endanger the 5)welfare of this nation. Great responsibilities have been placed upon us by the swift movement of events, I am confident that the Congress will face these responsibilities squarely.


[size=3]中文
杜鲁门主义

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　发表于1947年3月12日
　　尊敬的总统先生、议长先生、各位美国国会议员：

　　美国最近收到希腊政府要求财政和经济援助的紧急请求。现仍在希腊的美国经济代表团的报告，以及美国驻希腊大使的报告，同样证明了希腊请求援助的迫切性，否则希腊将不再以自由国家的身份存在。我相信美国人民和国会绝不会对希腊政府的请求置若罔闻。

　　我相信美国的政策必定支持那些正在抵抗企图被通过武装分子或外来压力征服的那些自由民族。

　　我相信我们必须协助自由韵民族用他们自己的方式来把握自己的命运。

　　我相信我们的帮助应该是最基本的经济和财政援助，这些对稳定经济和有序的政治进程很有必要。

　　我们必须采取坚决果断的行动。鉴于此，我恳请国会批准在1948年6月30日前向希腊及土耳其提供4亿美金的援助。我亦考虑到在最近向国会申请的帮助战乱国家预防饥荒的3.5亿美元救济金中，希腊所占的最大份额。除资金外，我还请求国会批准应希腊和土耳其的请求向其派遣军事及非军事人员的细节；以协助两国的重建工作，并监督有关的经济及物资援助的使用情况。我还建议对两国选派的人员提供指导和培训。

　　最后，我请求国会在批准资金的同时，授权我们可在相关的物资、给养和装备上得到最快、最有效的保证。今后如为了这方面的目的需更多的资金或授权，我将毫不犹豫地面呈国会。在此事上，政府的行政与立法机构必须同心协力。全世界自由的人民期待着我们捍卫他们的自由。如果我们的领导地位动摇了，不仅会危害世界的和平，而且一定会危害国家的安定。我们身负重任，我相信国会将会坚定地面对这些重任。


解释
1) preliminary adj. 预备的，初步的
2) collaborate V. (尤指在文艺，科学等方面的)合作，协作
3) imperative adj. 必要的，势在必行的
4) resolute adj. 坚决的5) welfare n. 福利，安宁


1 Turn a deaf ear to =Pretend not to hear，置若罔闻，假装听不见，这个措词表达生动之余，还带有一点的讽刺意味，暗示如果国会和美国人民对希腊人民的请求不加理睬的话，将会受到谴责。[/size]