它,叫并列句。说起它,就很快会想起课本中的“neck and neck(齐头并进)”。同时也不难发现每年的各地中考题都与它有“缘”。现在让我们一边了解它,一边看看它与中考的“并列同行”吧。
并列句是由并列连词and,but,or, for,so等把两个或两个以上互不依从,但意思紧密联系的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构为:简单句+并列连词+简单句。
一、表示同等关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词and连接前后简单句,and常译为“和”、“并且”,也可不译出来。例如:
I help you and you help me.我帮你,你帮我。
He likes playing basketball and he plays well.他喜欢打蓝球,并且打得很好。
[同步考例]
Mr.Smith is an English teacher _____ he will teach us English next term.(2002武汉市)
A.or B.and C.but(选B)
二、表示转折关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词but连接前后简单句,but常译为“但是”,“可是”,切不可与从属连词though或al- though一起使用。例如:
It has no mouth,but it can talk.它没有嘴巴,但是它会说话。
The teacher was tired but she didn't stop working.那位老师疲倦了,但她不停止工作。
[同步考例]
Mr.Black is rich,_____ he is not happy.(2002长沙市)
A.and B.or C.but D.不填 (选C)
三、表示选择关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词or连接前后简单句。or有两重含义:
1.译为“或者”,表示选择。例如:
Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.
现在你可以休息,或者去看电影。
2.译为“否则”、“要不然”,表示条件。例如:
You must tell the truth,or you will be punished.
你必须说真话,否则你将会受到惩罚。
[同步考例]
—I don't like fish _____ chicken.What about you?
—I don't like fish _____ I like chicken very much.(2002重庆市)
A.and;and B.or;but C.but;or (选B)
四、表示因果关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词 for,so等连接前后简单句。
1.for在意义上与从属连词 because,since和as相同,但它们引导的是原因状语从句。而for则连接两个简单句,前者表示结果,后者表示原因。其结构为:简单句(结果)+for+简单句(原因)。例如:
He has many good friends,for he is an honest man.
他有许多好朋友,因为他是个诚实的男子汉。
[同步考例]
He didn't go to school _____ he was ill.(2002山西忻州市)
A.but B.for C.so D.or (选B)
2.so意为“因此”、“所以”,但不能与because同时出现在同一个句子中。因为because是从属连词,而so是并列连词,用来连接并列句。其结构为:简单句(原因)+so+简单句(结果)。例如:
Mr.Li went to his hometown,so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead.
李老师回家乡去了,所以王老师替他上课。
[同步考例]
Mike did something wrong,_____ the headmaster is talking with him.(2002宁夏)
A.so B.but C.and D.or(选A)
五、其它形式的并列句
1.“祈使句+and+简单句”。其中祈使句表示一个条件,并列连词and引导的简单句则表示一个较好的结果,谓语常用一般将来时。例如:
Use your head,and you'll find a way.
动动脑筋,你就会想出办法来。
[同步考例]
Work hard,_____ you will pass the driving test.(2002杭州市)
A.or B.but C.because D.and(选D)
2.“祈使句+or+简单句”。祈使句表示一个条件,并列连词or后的简单句则表示一个不愉快或不理想的结果。例如:
Study hard,or you'll fall behind the others.
努力学习,否则你就会落于别人之后。
[同步考例]
Call a taxi,_____ you will miss the train.(2002天津市)
A.and B.though C.because D.or(选D)
3.“either...or...”结构表示“不是……就是……”,“或者……或者……”,例如:Either my uncle can do it,or my aunt can do it .我叔叔可以做那件事,或者我婶婶也可以做。
[同步考例]改为同义句:
A:Li Ming may be on the team,or John may.(2002青海省)
B:_____ Li Ming _____ John may be on the team.(填Either...or)
4.“not only...but also”意为“不仅……而且……”,用于连接两个并列内容,作为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、状语等。例如:
Not only the students but also their teacher has missed the school bus.
不仅那些学生,而且他们的老师都误了校车。
[同步考例]
—We get knowledge _____ from books _____ from life.
—Yes,both are important.(2002昆明市)
A.either...or
B.not only...but also
C.neither...nor
D.not...but(选B)
5.“neither...nor...”结构,意为“既不……也不……”,“两者都不……”,连接主语时,原则上谓语动词须与nor后面的主语保持一致。另外,either...or...,not only...but also...与neither...nor...的这种用法相同。例如:
Neither you nor I am a doctor.你和我都不是医生。
[同步考例]
(1)Neither he nor I _____ from Canada.We are from Australia.(2002山西省)
A.is B.are C.am D.be(选C)
(2)句子改错:
Neither you nor I were sending e-mails A B C then.(2002陕西省)
A B C D
(B.were改为was)