A. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.
1. After becoming paralyzed, Frank had to get used to the loss of ________ . Therefore he hated to having to depend on others for things he once did by himself.
A. authority B. autonomy
C. attraction D. dependence
2. People in this town wanted to ________ this overpriced shop although it had big variety of goods.
A. brake B. boycott C. broaden D. boast
3. Mrs. Johnson always asks her little son to be ________ of the strangers when she is absent.
A. curious B. careless
C. cautious D. attentive
4. The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to ________ funds from armaments to health and education.
A. derive B. dispatch
C. deprive D. divert
5.
A. evoked B. recalled
C. reminded D. remembered
6. The river is already ________ its banks because of excessive rainfall; and the city is threatened with a likely flood.
A. filled with B. full of
C. flat on D. flush with
7. Lewis is an excellent swimmer and he can other rivals without any problems.
A. get ahead from B. get about
C. get rid of D. get the better of
8. Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn, the Irish milkmaid fought hard to ________ her laughter.
A. hold back B. hold on
C. hold out D. hold up
9. Those figures are ________ of the economic and technological developments of our country as well as the political and cultural changes in Chinese history.
A. indignant B. indefinite
C. indicative D. incredible
10. A wise use of vacation is to take part in a summer vacation program on a campus. This kind of program is open to alumni and non-alumni ________ .
A. likely B. like C. same D. alike
11. Betty advised me to label our luggage carefully in case it gets ________ in transit.
A. misused B. mishandled
C. mistaken D. mislaid
12. People with a university education are ________ more competent for their work than those without one.
A. likely B. necessarily
C. normally D. fortunately
13. The new item about the fire is followed by a detailed report made ________ .
A. on the spot B. on the side
C. on the location D. on the ground
14. Only an artist could ________ the fine shades of color in the paintings.
A. purchase B. perceive
C. polish D. pursue
15. The TV announcers apologized for the breakdown and said that normal service would be ________ as soon as possible.
A. reserved B. resumed
C. recited D. reclaimed
16. We did not have time to read the whole novel, so the teacher prepared a_________for us.
A. synopsis B. symposium
C. synthesis D. symmetry
17. Most information has been ________ by graphic means, such as letters or drawings, or by waves, such as sound waves or electromagnetic signals.
A. transported B. transacted
C. transmitted D. transcended
18. ________ I admit that there are problems, I don’t think that they cannot be solved.
A. Unless B. Until
C. Useless D. While
19. He is of ________ moods; he never finishes what he starts.
A. variety B. various
C. varied D. variable
20. You will believe that the younger generation will prove ________ of our trust.
A. worthwhile B. worthless
C. worth D. worthy
B. Fill in the blanks with the word, according to the meaning of the sentence.
1. The town is only a ________ by river as there are no any other ways of reaching our city.
2. I couldn’t understand what the manager said at the meeting. His saying b ________ me.
3. It is really impossible at times to capture the con ________ of words when we translate them into foreign languages.
4. I believe the house was de ________ set fire to.
5. Last Sunday all the students of our class went on a day e ________ to a beautiful national park.
6. Frankly speaking, some courses in our college are not really ge ________ to the needs of the students and our society as well.
7. The government in________ a mass campaign to wipe out malaria in that district.
8. The microscope can m ________ the object so that we see it bigger than its proper size.
9. I could not wish for a more p ________ occasion on which to announce my plans for enlarging our establishments.
10. The two scientists working independently made the same invention si ________ .
11. They managed to re ________ valuable raw materials from industrial wastes.
12. The riders wanted to stop tr ________ , so they pulled gently on the reins and the horse slowed to a walk.
13. We do not mean to be disrespectful when we refuse to follow the advice of our ve ________ teachers.
14. The condition of the old castle walls has w ________ over the years.
15. The evidence produced so far does not w ________ the conclusion that the driver was negligent.
C. Choose the one that best completes the sentence, according to correct grammar usage.
1. The girl listened carefully ________ she might discover exactly what he needed.
A. so as that B. providing
C. in order that D. in case
2. Reading this English novel from time to time, I must look up words ________ .
A. the meaning of which I do not know
B. whose meanings I am not familiar
C. I don’t know their meanings
D. whose meanings I do not know
3. ________ that if he never prepares his lesson, he is not going to pass the examinations.
A. It sounds to reason
B. It happens to be
C. It stands for D. It is doubtful
4. Were the diameter of a wire smaller diameter, its resistance ________ .
A. had been increased
B. would be increased
C. might have been increased
D. was increased
5. All of us decided to stop to have dinner, ________ we were feeling very hungry.
A. moreover B. for
C. whereas D. consequently
6. The number and diversity of British newspapers ________ considerable.
A. have been B. are C. were D. is
7. Mary is reading________.
A. an exciting, detective old story
B. an old, exciting detective story
C. an exciting, old detective story
D. a detective, old exciting story
8. Having potential energy, a body may be in motion without any external force________.
A. to act it B. acting on it
C. act on it D. acts on it
9. He was too sick to stay here; ________ , we sent him home.
A. however B. furthermore
C. otherwise D. accordingly
10. ________ through the field the wild flowers provide an interesting subject to study.
A. While walking B. As one walks
C. Having walked
D. When you have walked
11. The reason ________ I want to take that class is ________ the professor is supposed to be eloquent.
A. why; for B. why; because
C. that; because D. that; that
12. A subject weighs ________ from the surface of the earth.
A. less, the farther it gets
B. the farther it gets, the less
C. less than it gets farther
D. less than it, the farther it gets
13. He was told under no circumstances ________ the computer.
A. he may use B. may he use
C. he uses D. may use he
14. All the members in the golf club resented ________ .
A. the director that he did not tell them about the meeting
B. the director not to inform them of the meeting
C. the director’s not informing them of the meeting
D. that the director had failed informing them there was going to be a meeting
15. “ I am surprised to learn that you are going back to Chicago.” “ Yes, I’d hoped that I ________ have to go back again, but I do.”
A. don’t B. won’t C. hadn’t D. wouldn’t
16. It was so inconceivable that she would have done such a foolish thing ________ the suggestion was made that she might have been crazy.
A. for B. that C. and D. but
17. I ________ to him because he would come back as he informed us.
A. needn’t have written
B. ought to have written
C. must have written
D. couldn’t have written
18. ________ rain now, the farmers would have to postpone the harvest.
A. It should B. Will it
C. Should it D. When it will
19. ________ if he is willing to fit in with the plans of the group.
A. There is no objection on him joining the party
B. There is no objection on his joining the party
C. No objection will be raised upon him joining the party
D. There is no objection to his joining the party
20. Ultrasonic sounds produce pulsed signals, ________ various defects in metal can be detected.
A. by means of which B. from them
C. by whose D. which
D. Rewrite the following sentences based on the requirement given after each sentence.
1. The handsome and considerate boy helped the blind man cross the busy street. ( 改为强调句)
2. Abraham Lincoln is the dearest president to the Americans of all the important figures in the
3. I could hardly understand what the teacher said at the beginning of the lecture that day. ( 改为倒装句 )
4. The little boy can not only speak French fluently, but also he can speak correctly. ( 改为倒装句 )
5. A semiconductor has poorer conductivity than a conductor. We can learn this from the word itself. ( 改为定语从句 )
6. Mary’s two brothers are working in
7. The chairman had to hurry the meeting. Otherwise it might not come to an end before darkness approached. (改为状语从句)
8. The timid girl was extremely nervous and she could catch nothing at all of the speech though she did her utmost. ( 改为状语从句)
9. I was ill that day, so I did not take part in the parade with my roommates. ( 改为虚拟语气 )
10. It is a pity that I didn’t pay enough attention to my English study when I was a pupil like you now. ( 改为虚拟语气 )
II. Comprehensive Exercises
A. Reading comprehension
(A)
If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms are in trouble. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firms in the
The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate pecking order. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to chief Executive Officer. By way of contrast, in
While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work force, in fact, they invest less in the skill of their employees than do either
As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American worker, for example, take much longer time to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany as they do, the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at full capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can’t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.
1. Which of the following applies to the human-resource management of the American firms?
A. They hire people for the least possible money regardless of their skills.
B. They see skill gaining as their employee’s own business.
C. They prefer to hire self-trained workers.
D. They only hire skilled workers for the keen employment competition.
2. What is the position of the executive of human-resource management in the American firms?
A. He is one of the most important executives of the firm.
B. His post is likely to disappear when the new technologies have been introduced.
C. He has no say in making important decisions in the firm.
D. He is directly under the chief financial executives.
3. The money most American firms put in work force training mainly goes on .
A. technological and managerial staff
B. workers who will run the new equipment
C. workers who lack basic background skills
D. top executives
4. Why is there a slow pace of technological change in the American firms?
A. New equipment in
B. American firms don’t pay enough attention to on-the-job training of their workers.
C. The decision-making process in American firms makes them less responsive to technological changes.
D. The professional staff of American firms are less paid and so less creative.
5. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. American firms’ human-resource management strategies affect their competitive capacity.
B. Human-resource management is a key factor in a firm’s survival.
C. The cost of work force training in
D. American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human resource management.
(B)
Most Americans spend most of their leisure time with the mass media than in other occupation. In addition, most of us hear, see, or read some of the media while engaged in other activities. Thus an extremely large number of our waking hours are spent with the mass media. Of all the media, television is clearly dominant, with newspaper close second, at least as a source of news and other information. Our exposure to all media is important, however, because all of them contribute materials for the construction of that world in our heads. For most people, increased use of one medium does not decrease use of another. In fact, in certain cases, and especially for certain purposes, the more one uses one medium, the more likely one is to use others.
There are various factors that can cause you to expose yourself to the media selectively, avoiding much of the material with which you disaGREe. Some of that selective exposure is probably due to the psychological pressure you feel to avoid the discomfort caused by confrontation with facts and ideas contrary to your beliefs, attitudes, or behavior. However, some selective exposure is not due to the pressure for consistency but to other factors, such as your age, education, and even the area in which you live and the people with whom you associate.
Quite a different sort of factor that affects your media experiences is the social context of exposure: whether you are alone or with others when you are exposed to a medium; whether you are at home, at the office, in a theatre, and so on. These contexts are as much as a potential part of the message you will form as film images on the screen or words on the page. In addition, that social context affects—both directly and indirectly—the media and the media content to which you become exposed. New friends or colleagues get you interested in different things. Other members of the family often select media content that you would not have selected, and you become exposed to it.
These various factors have so much influence on your media exposure that so little of that exposure is planned.
Questions:
6. Exposure to all media is important and people sometimes tend to use more media if ________________________________.
7. Why are newspapers considered as important media according to the passage?
________________________________.
8. For one reason or another, people’s exposure to the media is often ________________________________.
9. Apart from personal preferences, what determines one’s choice of the media and the media content? ________________________________.
10. The last sentence of the passage indicates that one’s exposure to the media is ________________________________..
B. Cloze
Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an 11 should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, 1２ , most people make several job choices during their working lives 1３ because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve 1４ position. The “ one prefect job” does not exist. Young people should 15 enter into a broad flexible training program that will 16 them for a field of work rather than for a single 17 .
Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 18 benefit of help from a competent vocational counsel or psychologist. Knowing 19 about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 20 . Some drift from job to job. Others 21 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.
One common mistake is choosing an occupation for 22 real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school students—or their parents for them—choose the profes-sional field, ２３ both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal ２４ . The imagined or real prestige of a professional or a “ white-collar” job is ２５ good reason for choosing it as a life’s work. ２６ , these occupa-tions are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the ２７ of young people should give serious 28 to these fields.
Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants 29 life and how hard he is willing to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security, others are willing to take 30 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.
11. A. identification B. entertainment
C. occupation D. accommodation
12. A. therefore B. however
C. though D. thereby
13. A. entirely B. mainly
C. largely D. partly
14. A. its B. his C. their D. our
15. A. therefore B. since
C. furthermore D. forever
16. A. fit B. make C. take D. leave
17. A. way B. job C. means D. company
18. A. to B. for C. with D. without
19. A. few B. little C. much D. a lot
20. A. basis B. chance
C. purpose D. opportunity
21. A. apply B. appeal C. turn D. stick
22. A. its B. our C. your D. their
23. A. concerning B. following
C. disregarding D. considering
24. A. requirements B. preferences
C. tendencies D. ambitions
25. A. a B. any C. the D. no
26. A. Therefore B. However
C. Moreover D. Nevertheless
27. A. mass B. majority
C. minority D. multitude
28. A. proposal B. suggestion
C. appraisal D. consideration
29. A. towards B. against
C. without D. out of
30. A. turns B. parts C. risks D. choices
C. Error correction
As a young girl, Elizabeth Barrette Browning ruptured a blood vessel on the lungs which was not cured. Her physician 31. ________
consigned her to a much milder climate for the winter and she went to
by the wilder sea breezes of Torquay. 33. ________
One summer morning her brother embarked on board a small sailboat with two friends for a nice trip of several hours around the coast. Just as the vessel came in a sight of 34. ________
the window where Miss Barrett sat watching, the boat struck a sinking reef, and all who 35. ________
were in it went down and perished in the sea, before assistance could be rendered. None of the body were ever found although the 36. ________
whole village, full of sympathy, assembled to search.
This was the tragedy which utterly prostrated for some years afterwards the health and soul of Barrett. Somehow she felt that she herself had in some measures been 37. ________
the cause of all this horror, and she suffered accordingly. Her whole being seemed shattered and a year more elapsed before she was able to move to
which so saddened her youth, gave also a still deeper devotional feeling to her poems. The shadow feel upon her heart, and her spirit, 39. ________
thus chastened, took the hue of sorrow so apparent in much of her earlier pieces. 40. ________
D. Translation
41. Television, which is one of the GREat new powers—for good or for bad—of this century, lets a public man talk to millions while they sit in their private homes seeing him as if he were in front of them.
42. A student of mathematics must become familiar with and fix in mind the signs and symbols, the definitions and technical terms in mathematics, in order that he may be able to have the foundation of the mathematical subject and master it well for further study.
43. Also, there was always the possibility that a small electrical spark might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit.
44. Somewhat surprisingly , respectedlegal experts on either side of the capital punishment debate say that while money is often an issue, it was not the driving influence in the prosecutorial decisions about how to proceed against Mr. Simpson and Mrs. Smith.
45. A point on which all scientists aGREe as an ideal when discussing these matters is that a scientist should be responsible for presenting a true picture to the public about new developments in his own field, and for indicating possible implications so far as he can see them.
E. Writing
For this part, you are to write a composition entitled The
①美国大学生在图书馆借阅图书的情况;
②对此情况的评价;
③你通常喜欢哪一种借阅方式，你的理由?
