二、发展句
段落主题句给出段落的主题思想,发展句则用来发展。证明或者支持这一主题思想。发展句必须切题。明确。层次分明,例如:
(1)Women are generally believed to be less intelligent than men.(2) For thousands of years they have been thought to be inferior to men.(3) Those who believes in this idea argue that few women have made remarkable achievements in the history.(4) Even now, there are still far less women professors,women scientists and women doctors.(5) All these factors show that women can not compete with men .
上面一共五个句子,其中(1)是该段的主题句,(2)。(3)。(4)为发展句,他们从各自不同的角度对该段主题句的主题思想进行说明。
发展句是对主题句进一步的引申与发展 ,然而引申与发展的方法是多种多样的,下面介绍一种最为实用的方法,即设问——解答法(Why-Because),按照这种方法就是要在句子展开之前先加以设问,也就是提出一个问题,然后再针对这一问题进行解答,例如:
主题句:To most visitors,New York is both a fascinating andfrightening city.
设问:Why do we say New York is both a fascinating and frightening city。
解答:Because:It is a city of GREat wealth and great poverty.There are many rich people,but there are many poor people too.There are many luxury apartment buildings and there are slum tenements.
Because:There is a GREat deal of beauty and a great deal of ugliness.The parks and the shops are beautiful,but the dirty streets and subways are ugly.
Because:Most things are expensive,but some things are free.The cost of entertainment is generally high,but there are usually many free lectures,concerts, and art exhibits.
Because:There are people who work all day and people who work all night.
上述设问——解答法为我们提供了一种考虑问题的方法,我们把上面的结果加以整理,就得到了下面一个段落:
To most visitors,New York is both a fascinating and a frightening city.It is a city of GREat wealth and of great poverty.There are many rich people,but there are many poor people,too.There are many luxury a-partment buildings and there are slum tenements.There is a great deal of beauty and a great deal of ugliness.The parks and the shops are beautiful,but the dirty streets and subways are ugly.There are people who work all day and people who work all night.
