School personnel shock absorbers
In the schools, the earthquake is most in need of school leaders and teachers of calm and resolute. Medium and long-term earthquake prediction is the region, usually to combine teaching and learning activities to students about the earthquake and defense, shock absorbers knowledge. Zhen former students to make good arrangements for the transfer, withdrawal routes and venues; post-earthquake calmly directing the orderly withdrawal of students. In relatively strong, secure housing, can escape the desk, next to the podium, teaching students to the building of the small hall, a pipeline support room, and never allows students to span or jumping from buildings.
Earthquake, shock absorbers in the streets
When the earthquake occurred, high-rise buildings of glass and concrete building lateral fragments, and advertising signs, tinplate board, Nihong Deng-, may fall wounding, walking in the street, will be the best side of the bag or Top soft goods in the head, no item can also be in the head with their hands for as much as possible for self-defense preparations to be calm, should quickly leave the poles and the wall, toward a broader regional escape.
Shop workers shock absorbers
Shop workers can hide in cars, machine tools and equipment under the higher, not to panic span, the special status of workers should be the first closure of inflammable, explosive, toxic gas valves, reduce the time high-temperature, high pressure pipeline temperature and pressure to close operations设备. Most staff can work from the scene, where security protection under the premise of a small number of staff to remain at the scene surveillance danger at any time, the timely processing of the accidents may occur, to prevent the occurrence of secondary disasters.
When the earthquake emergency vehicles travelling on the shock absorber
(1) drivers should slow down as soon as possible, and gradually brake gate;
(2) passengers (especially on trains) Application hands firmly seize the handle, or pillars, such as seats and pay attention to preventing baggage fell from the shelves wounding, facing the direction of traffic, to the seats before the arm靠在Upholstery, Huzhu face, tend to channel the body, two-handed Huzhu head; Beichao directions of traffic of people, two-handed Huzhu after brain and abdominal carrying nursing knee, tightening the body, for defensive posture.
Building earthquake emergency personnel within the shock absorber
Once the earthquake occurred, we must first maintain a clear, cool head and promptly determine shock situation, must not in jumping from buildings in panic, it is extremely important. Secondly, can escape in a solid furniture, or in a corner, can also be transferred to the load-bearing walls more, the small hall in the kitchen, toilets to take shelter 1:00. Because these areas with strong, especially after handling pipeline, with the support of better, more seismic coefficient. In short, when the earthquake under the layout of buildings and indoor conditions, size up the situation, find safe space and access to avoid and reduce casualties.
Shops in case of emergency earthquake shock absorbers
In department stores experienced the earthquake, it is necessary to maintain calm. As staff panic, the whereabouts of goods, may be blocking access to asylum. At this point, should be hiding near the major pillars of goods and the next (to avoid commodity display cabinet), or no obstacle to the passage in the escape, and then Qushen squat, waiting for the earthquake subsided. In the upstairs location, in principle, to the bottom of the transfer is better. However, anti-seismic building stairs is often the weak parts, so to escape identified the right time. Attendants to organize the masses to the nearest escape, post-earthquake safety evacuation.
Post-earthquake self-help
If pressure earthquake buried under the rubble, the surrounding is a dark, only a very small space, you must not panic, we should calmly and establish the survival of confidence that someone will Laijiu you, to do everything possible to protect themselves.
After the earthquake, there are often several aftershocks occurred, the situation may continue to deteriorate, in order to avoid new damage to their environment as much as possible to improve their own. At this point, if emergency kits in the side, you will be out of danger from the GREat role.
In this extremely unfavorable environment, we must first protect the respiratory unimpeded, Nuekai the head, chest of debris, and smelled the gas, poison gas, such as wet clothes of Wuzhu mouth, nose, not at the top of the body to avoid the collapse of the firm And other easily lead to falling objects; expansion and stability of living space, with bricks, sticks and other support for Canyuanduanbi to prevent the aftershocks occurred after the further deterioration of the environment.
To danger from. If you can not find the channel from the danger, the physical preservation of as much as possible, with stones can be audible percussion objects, sent out SOS signals, do not cry, impatient and blind action, which will consume large energy and stamina, as far as possible, control Their emotions or Bimu rest and wait for rescue personnel arrived. If injured, it is necessary to think dressing, to avoid excessive bleeding.
Life-sustaining. If buried under the ruins of the relatively long time, rescue workers less, or have not heard SOS signals on finding ways to maintain their own lives, preventing earthquakes packets of water and food must be savings, as much as possible to find food and drinking water, if necessary Their thirst urine can also play a role.
Post-earthquake rescue each other
After the earthquake, the outside world can not be immediately rushed to disaster relief teams at the scene, in such circumstances, the pressure for more buried under the ruins of staff, access to precious lives, people in the disaster areas actively involved in each other to save is to reduce casualties The most timely and most effective way, also demonstrated the "save people in distress," the noble virtues.
Timely rescue time, the GREater the hope rescued. According to relevant data show that 20 minutes after the earthquake rescued save rate of 98 percent over one hour after the earthquake rescued save rate dropped to 63 percent, two hours after the earthquake is not the rescued personnel, died of suffocation death toll The number of 58 percent. They are not in the earthquake, buildings collapse because of death, but died of suffocation, such as the timely assistance, and life is available. Tangshan Earthquake in the hundreds of thousands of people buried in the ruins of pressure, people in the disaster areas through self-help, mutual help pressure the majority of staff re-buried life. From among people in the disaster areas to participate in the rescue operation in earthquake relief in the whole play a irreplaceable role.
Post-earthquake rescue faster time
Post-earthquake rescue, to faster time, the goal of accurate and appropriate way, mutual help has expanded steadily principle. Specifically: the first was close, whether it is family members, neighbors, or strangers, not far away; easy to save to save the people, so that could save the rapidly growing among the ranks; first save young adults and medical personnel, will enable them to Fully play its role in disaster relief; first save, "Health", after the rescue "people." Tangshan earthquake in a rural women, each save one person, only its head is exposed, to avoid suffocation, then Qujiu another person, in a very short time so that dozens of people were rescued.
Rescue methods
Should be based on post-earthquake environment and conditions of the actual situation and take effective rescue methods, is the purpose of pressure will be buried, safely rescued from the rubble.
By understanding, search, officers have identified the ruins buried pressure, the pressure of his or her position buried, to the ruins of propaganda or percussion, and other rescue signal transmission methods.
The rescue process, with special attention to the safety of the personnel buried pressure. First, the use of the tools (such as iron bars, hoes, clubs, etc.) will not hurt buried pressure; Second, the pressure should not undermine the officers buried around the room in which the support of conditions, give rise to new landslide, burying pressure again in distress; Third, the pressure should be buried as soon as possible with the closed space communication, so that fresh air Liuren, such as digging expense in the dust too much water should be dust, buried to avoid pressure to stifle the fourth pressure is buried a long time, a time and can not rescued, To be buried to the pressure to transfer drinking water, food and medicine to maintain their lives.
Before carrying out the rescue operation, in a planned and step-by-step, where the digging, there should not be dug, where the use hoes, where the use sticks, must be considered.
The past has happened rescue personnel blind action, stamping on the collapse buried the head of the pressure to build, buried to death and, therefore, in the course of the rescue to a scientific analysis and action, to receive a good rescue effect, blind action , Are often targets of the rescue will create a new injury.
Rescue and care
The first head buried pressure from the ruins exposed, mouth and nose in the dust cleared, to ensure its smooth breathing, serious injury, the pressure can not be left buried at the officers, should try to carefully remove his possession and The pressure of the surrounding buried, and then carried waste buried pressure virtual staff must not pull hard-dragging.
Of hunger and thirst, injuries, asphyxia more serious, long buried and the pressure of time, was rescued and use dark fabric blindfolded, to avoid glare stimulate the injured, according to severity of injuries, or take delivery of medical dressings Point rescue treatment.
Shock absorbers points
Chun-run or hide, is that the majority of our experts believe: the nearest escape when the earthquake, the rapid post-earthquake evacuation to a safe place, is a better way to emergency shock absorber. Shock absorbers should choose indoor firm, to cover the body of objects under the (next), easy to form triangular space where small hall, the local support, the open room, a place of safety.
The body shall take the position:
V and to be determined, squat or sit down, as far as possible Quanqu body, lower center of gravity.
Zhuotui seize such as solid objects.
The protection of head and neck, eyes, Cover your mouth and nose.
Avoid the flow of people, not to squeeze chaos Yong, Do not point fire, in the air because there may be flammable and explosive gases.
School shock absorbers
Is class, the teacher must quickly under the command of Baotou, eyes closed, hiding under their desks.
In the playground or outdoor, can be fixed in situ squat, hands to protect his head, avoiding the attention of tall buildings or dangerous.
Not to return to the classroom.
Post-earthquake evacuation should be organized.
Do not jumping off the building! Do not stand in the window! Do not boost to the balcony!
When necessary, in the outdoor school.
Family shock absorbers
Earthquake early warning time is short, indoor shock absorbers more realistic, and the indoor housing formed after the collapse of the triangular space, often people survived the relative safety can be called shock absorbers space. This mainly refers to the collapse of large structures with a space.
Indoor easy to form a triangular space where:
Kang Yan, solid furniture around;
Interior Qianggen, corner;
Kitchens and bathrooms, storage rooms, a small local hall.
Public places shock absorbers
Obey the command staff at the scene, do not panic, do not rush to export, to avoid overcrowding, to avoid the flow of people, to avoid pushed to the wall or fence.
In theaters, sports centres, etc.:
趴in situ, or squat under Paiyi;
To avoid the attention of chandeliers, fans and other Xuangua Wu;
Such as school bags with head protection;
Such as the earthquake is over, obey the command staff, organized withdrawal.
In shopping malls, bookstores, exhibitions, Metro, etc.:
Choose solid counters, commodities (such as low furniture, etc.) or the floor, and squat in a corner spot, etc., with their hands or other things for the first; avoid glass windows and doors, glass windows or counters; does not avoid tall Stable or placing heavy objects, fragile goods shelves; avoid billboards, chandeliers and other tall or Xuangua Wu.
In a moving (steam) inside:
Zhualao handrails to avoid falls or broke; lower center of gravity, hiding in seats nearby.
Get off at the last after the earthquake.
Outdoor shock absorbers
Local choice open to shocks:
Paxia or squat, so as not to fall;
Do not span, many people avoid the place;
Do not return to the indoor.
Avoid tall buildings or structures:
Buildings, especially those glass walls of the building;
Guo Jieqiao, overpass;
High chimneys, towers under.
Avoid the risk of, high or Xuangua Wu:
Transformers, poles, street lamps, etc.;
Billboards, such as the cable car.
Avoid other dangerous places:
The narrow streets;
Wei Jiufang housing, Wei Qiang;
Parapet, high Menlian, Yupeng under;
Tile, wood, and other Department of stacking.
How self-help after earthquake
1, after the earthquake occurred, should be actively involved in relief work, can be wall ears and listen to the voices of survivors there.
2, the injured first exposed to the head, and maintain smooth breathing, if asphyxia, immediately go out.
3, once buried pressure, to try to avoid the body is not strong at the top of the collapse, and to try to use masonry, wooden sticks, and other support Canyuanduanbi, strengthening the environment.
4, the earthquake is the moment, no one should preserve ourselves, and then started relief. To save the vulnerable, after the rescue, first put out a nearby, well after the rescue.
Earthquake rumours how the screening
1, at home and abroad present a correct understanding of the actual level of earthquake prediction, the GREater the current human time scale of the medium and long-term forecast has a certain credibility, but the short-term forecasting the success rate is comparatively low.
2, must be clear in our country, the release of earthquake prediction in the competence of government, any other unit or individual has the right to publish information on earthquake prediction. Earthquake rumours that the treatment, in order to do not believe, do not spread, timely reports.
3, study earthquakes common sense, psychological shock elimination of fear.
4, do not rely on rumors, blind panic buying.
Earthquake comes, the family members how to shock absorbers, experts have proposed three principles:
A principle: the light of local conditions, the correct choice. Zhen, in which each person's environment, different situation, it is impossible size-fits-way shock absorbers, concrete analysis of specific situations. These include: living cottage or living buildings, the earthquake in the day or night, the house is not strong, there are no shock absorbers indoor space, the location you are far away from the door, open the outdoor, security.
Second principle: decisive action must not hesitate. The success of shock absorbers, on the occasion of the Qianjunyifa, must not Zhanqianguhou, hesitant. If living cottage shock absorbers, to be more decisive action, or the nearest escape, or emergency bail, not from.
Principle 3: V and to be determined, not a disease. The ancients in the "earthquake was recorded", was recorded: "Curan Wen change, not a disease, V and to be determined, if a review nest, Keji Wanluan", meaning to say, an earthquake, not to rush outside the outdoors , And should seize the time to survive the shock absorbers to find suitable places to squat or sit down the way, waiting for the last earthquake, so even if the homes were also unharmed.
Three high-rise shock absorbers strategy
Experts suggested that such a building in Beijing-based metropolis, the residents should have the awareness to grasp some of the scientific application of the shock absorbers strategy.
Strategy 1: earthquake remain calm and go outdoors after the earthquake. This is the internationally accepted codes of shock absorbers, many domestic and foreign quake examples show that, in a brief moment of the earthquake, people entering or leaving the building, were killed GREatest probability of injury. So experts warned that indoor conditions good shock absorbers, we must first choose indoor shock absorbers. If the anti-seismic buildings is poor, as far as possible from the indoor running out.
According to state standards, the Beijing area residents should have the building to withstand the intensity of the earthquake damage 8 deGREes of ability. Experts suggested that the earthquake occurred at the first Buyao Huang, broaden their horizons and to maintain mobility, so that the camera to act. In particular, we should bear in mind is that not stranded in bed not toward the balcony; went to the corridor, and other personnel can not be crowded places; can not be jumping from buildings; can not use elevators, if the earthquake at the elevator should leave as soon as possible, if when trying to open doors Baotou to squat. In addition, they should immediately fire off, to prevent electric shock and burns in fire.
Strategy 2: shock absorber location is essential. Living building shock absorbers, according to the building layout and interior situation, size up the situation, find safe space escape. To find the best form of a triangular space areas. Heating squatted next to a safer, more heating capacity, the network of metal pipe structure and flexibility were not torn, even in large earthquake被甩hard time shaking off; Heating pipes and good ventilation, not easy for the staff Suffocation; water in the pipeline may be extended survival period. A more important point is that the trapped officers hit Heating pipes may be the way to transmit information to the outside world, and Heating on the external walls of the location to be the fastest relief.
It is important to note that when hiding in the kitchen, bathroom such a small hall, as far as possible away from stoves, gas pipelines and easily broken dishes much more. If the kitchen and toilet in the building of the horn Gala Li, and the partition wall to wall plate, it should not choose sites for the best shock absorbers. In addition, not drilling cabinets or boxes, because once people to drilling immediately after the loss of mobility, vision blocked, the limbs were tied up, not only will not miss the opportunity to escape rescued; lying posture is not good, the body of the plane Increase the area, the probability of being hit than five times the standing and difficult to maneuver shift.
Strategy 3: Near the water is not near the fire, not by relying on the outside. This is to ensure that the earthquake in the city in the timely assistance of others were an important principle. Do not close煤气灶, gas pipes and household appliances; Do not choose a location inside the building, as close as possible to the external walls, but can not hide behind the window below, as close as possible to water, once trapped, are trying to contact with the outside world, with the exception of using a mobile phone Contact, can-Heating pipes and percussion, can also open the FLASHlight
Family shock absorbers Tips
1. Seize the time of emergency to avoid danger. If sloshing feeling very light on the source distant, just a solid hiding under furniture can be. Earthquake vibration from the beginning to the end of the process, but Shiji Miao time to seconds, so seize the most critical time for shock absorbers, not wasted time.
2. Choose the right shock absorbers space. Interior space than the safety of shock absorbers are: load-bearing walls Qianggen, corner; plumbing and heating pipes, etc.. The most adverse shock absorbers inside the premises is: no support of the bed; ceiling, under the chandelier; around on the floor without support; glass (mirror) and next to large windows.
3. Do a good job of self-protection. We must first calm and avoid a good choice after the squat or sit down, facing, in两臂forehead on the pillow, or seize Zhuotui and other solid objects around, so as not to shock or when the body fell out of control and displacement Injuries; protect the head and neck, bow, hand-Huzhu head or the back of your neck, eye protection, bow their heads, eyes closed, to prevent foreign body injury; protection of mouth, nose, it is possible, can be used wet towels Wuzhu mouth, nose, to prevent Lime-soil and poison gas.
The 10 earthquake notes
1. For your own safety and their families to hide in the table below, and other solid furniture
Big sloshing around time is about one minute. This is the first to take into account is your own family's personal safety. First, in the center of gravity low and strong to firmly avoid the table below, and closely Zhualao table legs. In the absence of the table, such as hiding for the occasion, in any case, but also with a good cushion, such as the protection of the head.
2. Shaking Commissioner of the fire immediately, as soon as the fire extinguishing
Earthquake, will have to fight the fire engines can not depend on the circumstances. Therefore, each of us clearance fire, the fire-fighting efforts, is the possibility of earthquake disaster control in the smallest deGREe of important factors.
From peacetime to develop even a small earthquake also the habit of fire Commissioner of it.
In order not to fire lead to Dahuo, family members since Needless to say, between the neighbors help each other, enforce fire early is extremely important.
The earthquake, the Commissioner has the opportunity to fire three times:
In the first opportunity before the advent of the sloshing of a small shaking when
In the perception of small shaking moment, immediately notify each other: "Earthquake! Faster clearance fire!", Is using the closure of heating stoves, gas heaters.
A second chance in the shaking stopped when the
In a major shaking when the fire to the Commissioner, on the gas stove, heater above the kettle and other fall down, it is very dangerous.
Big sloshing stopped, once again shouting: "Fire Commissioner! Commissioner of Fire!" And related to the fire.
In the third opportunity after fire
Even where the fire occurred in 1-2 minutes, or can the fight. In order to rapidly fire, please fire extinguishers, fire buckets placed in the regular use of fire from local establishments close.
3. Do not panic ran to the outdoor
After the earthquake, Huanghuangzhangzhang to run out, broken glass, brick and tile on the roof, falling billboards, and other Laiza body, is very dangerous. In addition, the precast concrete wall, vending machines, and so has the danger of collapse, not around these objects.
4. Jiangmendakai to ensure that exports
Reinforced concrete structure of the housing, because of the earthquake will cause shaking windows and doors dislocation, trying to open doors, have been closed in some instances in the room. Please Jiangmendakai to ensure that the exports.
Usually better to advance to the event being held in the house, how to escape the way, ready for a ladder, rope, and so on.
5. Outdoor occasions, to protect your head and avoid the danger of
When violent shaking the earth, standing instability, people will have help on, to seize what the psychological. Close to the post, the walls will be supported by most of the targets. However, these seem quite strong solid things, in fact it is dangerous.
In 1987 Japan's Miyagi Prefecture undersea earthquake, the precast concrete wall, the collapse of the post, has caused too many casualties. Must not close to cement prefabricated wall, post, and so avoid.
In the bustling Street, floor area, is the most dangerous windows, billboards, and other injured people were falling down. Attention should be paid to hand such as handbags or the protection of your head.
In addition, attention should also be overturned wounding vending machines.
In floor area, according to the situation, avoid entering the building in the relatively safe.
6. In department stores, theatres, according to the instructions of the staff of Action
In department stores, such as the Mass Transit Street and more places, the most frightening thing is chaos. Please follow the store staff, security personnel's instructions to action.
On the earthquake, said the Mass Transit Street is relatively safe. Even if a power failure, emergency lighting, will instantly lights up, please be calm and take action.
In case of fire, will be immediately filled with smoke. To suppress the body's posture asylum, and do absolutely non-smokers.
Take the escalator words
In the event of earthquake, fire, can not use the elevator. Take the lift in the event encountered earthquakes, will operate on each floor-all by pressing the button, once stopped, quickly left the elevator, to confirm the safety of asylum.
Recent high-rise buildings and buildings in the lift, are equipped with operational control of the device. When the earthquake occurred, automatically moves, the last stop in the floor.
The event was held in the elevator, please lift of a dedicated telephone contact with the management room, for help.
7. Automotive on-street parking, closed to control the region
A major earthquake, automobile tires will be like a gas like China, unable to grasp the steering wheel, driving difficult. Must pay full attention to avoiding the crossroads of the car will stop by the roadside. In order not to hinder the evacuation of asylum and passage of emergency vehicles, to make the road to the middle part.
Urban centres in the vast majority of roads will be a total ban on access. Full attention to the car radio broadcasting, the vicinity of the police, should act in accordance with their instructions.
The need for evacuation, not for involvement in the fire, the Commissioner of the windows, and car keys inserted in the car, do not lock the doors, and the local people and act together.
8.'s Important to note landslides, rock-drop or bluffs overlooking the tsunami
In the hillside, a steep tilt lots, in landslides, rock-drop bluffs overlooking the risk, should prompt evacuation to a safe place.
The coast, a tsunami risk. Perception earthquake or a tsunami warning, then, please note that radio, TV, and other information quickly to a safe place of asylum.
9. Evacuate to walk, carrying goods should at least limit
Due to a fire caused by the earthquake, the spread of burning, a crisis of life, personal safety, and so, the measures taken refuge. Evacuation methods, in principle, to disaster prevention and public organizations, such as street as a unit, in charge and led police to take refuge on foot, carrying the items should be at least limit. Absolutely can not use cars, bicycles asylum.
For patients such as asylum, local residents and cooperation and mutual assistance is indispensable. From peacetime, the neighbours on the need for asylum prior to the aGREed mode.
10. Do not listen to rumors, do not act rashly
In the event of major earthquake, people psychologically easily shaken. To prevent confusion, each person based on correct information, to act calmly, very important.
From the portable radios, etc., to the correct information. I believe from the government, police, fire prevention, such as the message directly and not rely on the Liuyanfeiyu irresponsible not to act rashly.
The preparatory work for peace
1. Home security measures are foolproof »
The preparatory work for peace, will suffer a minimum level of basic.
Large wardrobe, kitchen utensils cabinets, refrigerators and other fixed to prevent dumping measures.
Tableware in the kitchen cabinets, windows and other glass on the Nianshang transparent film or tape, to prevent broken glass when the ricochet.
To prevent the shaking caused by the earthquake kitchen cabinet doors open, the items inside out from the kitchen cabinet, closet doors installed on a leaf to be fixed.
Do not television sets, vases placed in high places.
To prevent scattered on the ground glass wounding, usually ready for a solid pair of slippers.
Attention to the placing of furniture to ensure the safety of space.
Full attention of kerosene heaters, and other fire apparatus and dangerous goods management and custody.
Precast reinforced concrete wall to collapse not strong.
2. Preparation of emergency supplies ready »
(1) of drinking water (2) food, infant formula (3) first-aid medical supplies (4) portable radios, FLASHlights, batteries (5) in cash, valuables (6) underwear, towels, toilet paper, etc.
3. From peacetime, the establishment of the neighbourhood of collaboration and mutual assistance system
When a major earthquake can be expected in the vast region caused GREat disaster. In such circumstances, fire engines and ambulances can not be available on demand. Therefore, it is necessary starting from peacetime through the streets, and other organizations, conduct exchanges with local residents, set up to cope with fire, the wounded when the collaboration and mutual assistance system.
From peacetime, the neighbours should be the event of an attack on cooperation and mutual assistance system to discuss.
Active participation in disaster prevention and public organizations.
Active participation in disaster prevention and training.
Impending emergency preparedness
Published in the devastating earthquake prediction of impending region, should do the following aspects of emergency work:
1.急用ready impending goods, after the earthquake, food, medicine and other daily necessities, the production and supply will be affected cooling towers, water pipes often Pizhen bad, resulting in disruption of water supply. In order to tide over the initial shock after the difficulties of life, before the impending social and family should be prepared a certain amount of food, water and daily necessities to meet the urgent needs solutions.
2. Impending establishment of the refuge places to live is also a major problem. Pizhen bad premises, the need for shelter; aftershocks continue to occur, there must be a hiding. This will require temporary structures earthquake, fire, cold and rain of the earthquake shelf. All kinds of tents can be used, the small round grain storage warehouses in rural areas, the earthquake is also very good.
3. Designated evacuation sites, transit of dangerous goods: the urban population-intensive, shock absorbers and staff evacuated more difficult, to ensure that earthquake safety, according to Street before the earthquake, the distribution of the shock absorbers the nearest designated evacuation routes and sites. Chun-before to flammable, explosive and toxic materials promptly transferred to outside storage.
4. Settings in the city centre where the wounded strong earthquake premises, or in the first-aid center set up outside the city, prepared beds, medical equipment, lighting equipment and medicines.
5. Suspend public activities have been scheduled for formal notice of impending, all public places should be suspended, the audience or customers to have orderly withdrawal; in primary and secondary schools could be temporary outdoor classes; station, the terminal can open in waiting.
6. The withdrawal and transfer of personnel, an important property if the impending formal warning or notice, to a prompt and orderly withdrawal of mobilizing and organizing the masses. Is the treatment of serious illness, to be transferred to a safe place. Paralysis of a small number of people thinking, we must mobilize to the security zone. Rural large livestock and tractors, and other means of production, before the impending properly transferred to safe areas, institutions, enterprises and institutions to open the vehicle to the garage, parked in open areas, in order to play a role in earthquake relief.
7. To prevent the occurrence of secondary disasters city to the earthquake potential serious secondary disasters, in particular chemical plants, gas works, such as post-earthquake disaster-prone units, we must strengthen Kam measurement and management, and a person standing guard on duty day and night.
8. Confidential to ensure the safety of city departments within the banking sector and more confidential, the earthquake to strengthen security and prevent state-owned asset losses and leakage of secrets. The fire brigade vehicles must be a library, fire officers to be gearing up for timely fire-fighting and reduce economic losses.
9. Organization and rescue teams, reasonable arrangements for the production impending ago, local governments at all levels should organize the relief and rescue teams (rescue, medical, fire, water, electricity, communications, etc.). When necessary, some factories in the earthquake should be unified command under the command of the moratorium on the production or low-load operation.
10. Earthquake ready to do a good job in the family in earthquake prediction has been issued for residents to be prepared to do a good job of preventing earthquakes and families to develop a family earthquake plan, inspection and promptly eliminate hidden dangers of home adverse earthquake. ⑴ inspection and strengthening of the housing is not conducive to seismic reinforcement to the housing, should not be dangerous to the withdrawal of reinforcement. The heavy housing decoration such as parapet, such as high Menlian should be removed. ⑵ reasonable place furniture, tall and good fixed items of furniture to prevent the dumping of smashing, solid furniture to be vacated below, to prepare for earthquake hiding; furniture items to display the "next, in the light" to the wall Xuangua Wu Down from a fixed place to prevent the fall wounding; good clean up debris so that the entrance, corridor unimpeded; balcony wall to clean up, remove flower pots, debris; inflammable, explosive and toxic substances to a safe place ; ⑶ ready for the necessary preparations for an earthquake goods including food, water, emergency lights, simple medicines, rope, radio, etc., family earthquake kits, for admission on everywhere. ⑷ family earthquake evacuation drills and emergency evacuation exercises as well as "one minute emergency hedge" exercises.
震时就近躲避，震后迅速撤离到安全的地方是应急防护的较好方法。所谓就近躲避，就是因地制宜地根据不同的情况做出不同的对策。
学校人员避震
在学校中,地震时最需要的是学校领导和教师的冷静与果断。有中长期地震预报的地区，平时要结合教学活动，向学生们讲述地震和防、避震知识。震前要安排好学生转移、撤离的路线和场地；震后沉着地指挥学生有秩序地撤离。在比较坚固、安全的房屋里，可以躲避在课桌下、讲台旁、教学楼内的学生可以到开间小、有管道支撑的房间里，决不可让学生们乱跑或跳楼。
地震时，在街上行走避震
地震发生时，高层建筑物的玻璃碎片和大楼外侧混凝土碎块、以及广告招牌，马口铁板、霓红灯架等，可能掉下伤人，因此在街上走时，最好将身边的皮包或柔软的物品顶在头上，无物品时也可用手护在头上，尽可能作好自我防御的准备，要镇静，应该迅速离开电线杆和围墙，跑向比较开阔的地区躲避。
车间工人避震
车间工人可以躲在车、机床及较高大设备下，不可惊慌乱跑，特殊岗位上的工人要首先关闭易燃易爆、有毒气体阀门，及时降低高温、高压管道的温度和压力，关闭运转设备。大部分人员可撤离工作现场，在有安全防护的前提下，少部分人员留在现场随时监视险情，及时处理可能发生的意外事件，防止次生灾害的发生。
地震发生时行驶的车辆应急避震
（1）司机应尽快减速，逐步刹闸；
（2）乘客（特别在火车上）应用手牢牢抓住拉手、柱子或座席等，并注意防止行李从架上掉下伤人，面朝行车方向的人,要将胳膊靠在前坐席的椅垫上，护住面部，身体倾向通道，两手护住头部；背朝行车方向的人，要两手护住后脑部，并抬膝护腹，紧缩身体，作好防御姿势。
楼房内人员地震时应急避震
地震一旦发生，首先要保持清醒、冷静的头脑，及时判别震动状况，千万不可在慌乱中跳楼，这一点极为重要。其次，可躲避在坚实的家具下，或墙角处，亦可转移到承重墙较多、开间小的厨房、厕所去暂避一时。因为这些地方结合力强，尤其是管道经过处理，具有较好的支撑力，抗震系数较大。总之，震时可根据建筑物布局和室内状况，审时度势，寻找安全空间和通道进行躲避，减少人员伤亡。
在商店遇震应急避震
在百货公司遇到地震时，要保持镇静。由于人员慌乱，商品下落，可能使避难通道阻塞。此时，应躲在近处的大柱子和大商品旁边（避开商品陈列橱），或朝着没有障碍的通道躲避，然后屈身蹲下，等待地震平息。处于楼上位置，原则上向底层转移为好。但楼梯往往是建筑物抗震的薄弱部位，因此，要看准脱险的合适时机。服务员要组织群众就近躲避，震后安全撤离。
震后自救
地震时如被埋压在废墟下，周围又是一片漆黑，只有极小的空间，你一定不要惊慌，要沉着，树立生存的信心，相信会有人来救你，要千方百计保护自己。
地震后，往往还有多次余震发生，处境可能继续恶化，为了免遭新的伤害，要尽量改善自己所处环境。此时，如果应急包在身旁，将会为你脱险起很大作用。
在这种极不利的环境下，首先要保护呼吸畅通，挪开头部、胸部的杂物，闻到煤气、毒气时，用湿衣服等物捂住口、鼻；避开身体上方不结实的倒塌物和其它容易引起掉落的物体；扩大和稳定生存空间，用砖块、术棍等支撑残垣断壁，以防余震发生后，环境进一步恶化。
设法脱离险境。如果找不到脱离险境的通道，尽量保存体力，用石块敲击能发出声响的物体，向外发出呼救信号，不要哭喊、急躁和盲目行动，这样会大量消耗精力和体力，尽可能控制自己的情绪或闭目休息， 等待救援人员到来。如果受伤，要想法包扎，避免流血过多。
维持生命。如果被埋在废墟下的时间比较长，救援人员未到，或者没有听到呼救信号，就要想办法维持自己的生命，防震包的水和食品一定要节约，尽量寻找食品和饮用水，必要时自己的尿液也能起到解渴作用。
震后互救
震后，外界救灾队伍不可能立即赶到救灾现场，在这种情况下，为使更多被埋压在废墟下的人员，获得宝贵的生命，灾区群众积极投入互救，是减轻人员伤亡最及时、最有效的办法，也体现了"救人于危难之中"，的崇高美德。
抢救时间及时，获救的希望就越大。据有关资料显示，震后20分钟获救的救活率达98%以上，震后一小时获救的救活率下降到63%，震后2小时还无法获救的人员中，窒息死亡人数占死亡人数的58%。他们不是在地震中因建筑物垮塌砸死，而是窒息死亡，如能及时救助，是完全可以获得生命的。唐山大地震中有几十万人被埋压在废墟中，灾区群众通过自救、互救使大部分被埋压人员重新获得生命。由灾区群众参与的互救行动，在整个抗震救灾中起到了无可替代的作用。
震后救人时间要快
震后救人，力求时间要快、目标准确、方法恰当，互救队伍不断壮大的原则。具体做法是:先救近处的，不论是家人、邻居，还是陌生人，不要舍近求远；先救容易救的人，这样，可迅速壮大互救队伍；先救青壮年和医务人员，可使他们在救灾中充分发挥作用；先救"生"，后救"人"。唐山地震中一农村妇女，每救一个人，只把其头部露出，避免窒息，接着再去救另一个人，在很短时间内使几十人获救。
救人的方法
应根据震后环境和条件的实际情况，采取行之有效的施救方法，目的就是将被埋压人员，安全地从废墟中救出来。
通过了解、搜寻，确定废墟中有人员埋压后，判断其埋压位置，向废墟中喊话或敲击等方法传递营救信号。
营救过程中，要特别注意埋压人员的安全。一是使用的工具(如铁棒、锄头、棍棒等)不要伤及埋压人员；二是不要破坏了埋压人员所处空间周围的支撑条件，引起新的垮塌，使埋压人员再次遇险；三是应尽快与埋压人员的封闭空间沟通，使新鲜空气流人，挖扒中如尘土太大应喷水降尘，以免埋压者窒息；四是埋压时间较长，一时又难以救出，可设法向埋压者输送饮用水、食品和药品，以维持其生命。
在进行营救行动之前，要有计划、有步骤，哪里该挖，哪里不该挖，哪里该用锄头，哪里该用棍棒，都要有所考虑。
过去曾发生过救援人员盲目行动，踩塌被埋压者头上的房盖，砸死被埋人员，因此在营救过程中要有科学的分析和行动，才能收到好的营救效果，盲目行动，往往会给营救对象造成新的伤害。
施救和护理
先将被埋压人员的头部，从废墟中暴露出来，清除口鼻内的尘土，以保证其呼吸畅通，对于伤害严重，不能自行离开埋压处的人员，应该设法小心地清除其身上和周围的埋压物，再将被埋压人员抬出废虚，切忌强拉硬拖。
对饥渴、受伤、窒息较严重，埋压时间又较长的人员，被救出后要用深色布料蒙上眼睛，避免强光刺激，对伤者，根据受伤轻重，采取包扎或送医疗点抢救治疗。
避震要点
震时是跑还是躲，我国多数专家认为：震时就近躲避，震后迅速撤离到安全地方，是应急避震较好的办法。避震应选择室内结实、能掩护身体的物体下（旁）、易于形成三角空间的地方，开间小、有支撑的地方，室处开阔、安全的地方。
身体应采取的姿势：
伏而待定，蹲下或坐下，尽量蜷曲身体，降低身体重心。
抓住桌腿等牢固的物体。
保护头颈、眼睛，掩住口鼻。
避开人流，不要乱挤乱拥，不要随便点明火，因为空气中可能有易燃易爆气体。
学校避震
正在上课时，要在教师指挥下迅速抱头、闭眼、躲在各自的课桌下。
在操场或室外时，可原地不动蹲下，双手保护头部，注意避开高大建筑物或危险物。
不要回到教室去。
震后应当有组织地撤离。
千万不要跳楼！不要站在窗外！ 不要到阳台上去！
必要时应在室外上课。
家庭避震
地震预警时间短暂，室内避震更具有现实性，而室内房屋倒塌后形成的三角空间，往往是人们得以幸存的相对安全地点，可称其为避震空间。这主要是指大块倒塌体与支撑物构成的空间。
室内易于形成三角空间的地方是：
炕沿下、坚固家具附近；
内墙墙根、墙角；
厨房、厕所、储藏室等开间小的地方。
公共场所避震
听从现场工作人员的指挥，不要慌乱，不要拥向出口，要避免拥挤，要避开人流，避免被挤到墙壁或栅栏处。
在影剧院、体育馆等处：
就地蹲下或趴在排椅下；
注意避开吊灯、电扇等悬挂物；
用书包等保护头部；
等地震过去后，听从工作人员指挥，有组织地撤离。
在商场、书店、展览、地铁等处：
选择结实的柜台、商品（如低矮家具等）或柱子边，以及内墙角等处就地蹲下，用手或其他东西护头； 避开玻璃门窗、玻璃橱窗或柜台； 避开高大不稳或摆放重物、易碎品的货架； 避开广告牌、吊灯等高耸或悬挂物。
在行驶的电（汽）车内：
抓牢扶手，以免摔倒或碰伤； 降低重心，躲在座位附近。
地震过去后再下车。
户外避震
就地选择开阔地避震：
蹲下或趴下，以免摔倒；
不要乱跑，避开人多的地方；
不要随便返回室内。
避开高大建筑物或构筑物：
楼房，特别是有玻璃幕墙的建筑；
过街桥、立交桥；
高烟囱、水塔下。
避开危险物、高耸或悬挂物：
变压器、电线杆、路灯等；
广告牌、吊车等。
避开其他危险场所：
狭窄的街道；
危旧房屋，危墙；
女儿墙、高门脸、雨篷下；
砖瓦、木料等物的堆放处。
强震过后如何自救
1、地震发生后，应积极参与救助工作，可将耳朵靠墙，听听是否有幸存者声音。
2、使伤者先暴露头部，保持呼吸畅通，如有窒息，立即进行人工呼吸。
3、一旦被埋压，要设法避开身体上方不结实的倒塌物，并设法用砖石、木棍等支撑残垣断壁，加固环境。
4、地震是一瞬间发生的，任何人应先保存自己，再展开救助。先救易，后救难；先救近，后救远。
地震谣言如何甄别
1、正确认识国内外当前地震预报的实际水平，人类目前作出的较大时间尺度的中长期预报已有一定的可信度，但短临预报的成功率还相对较低。
2、要明确，在我国，发布地震预报的权限在政府，任何其他单位或个人都无权发布地震预报消息。对待地震谣传，要做到不相信、不传播、及时报告。
3、学习地震常识,消除恐震心理。
4、不要轻信谣言,盲目抢购。
大震来临时，家庭成员该如何避震，专家建议掌握三条原则：
原则一：因地制宜，正确抉择。震时每个人所处的环境、状况千差万别，避震方式也不可能千篇一律，要具体情况具体分析。这些情况包括：是住平房还是住楼房，地震发生在白天还是晚上，房子是不是坚固，室内有没有避震空间，你所处的位置离房门远近，室外是否开阔、安全。
原则二：行动果断、切忌犹豫。避震能否成功，就在千钧一发之际，决不能瞻前顾后，犹豫不决。如住平房避震时，更要行动果断，或就近躲避，或紧急外出，切勿往返。
原则三：伏而待定，不可疾出。古人在《地震录》里曾记载："卒然闻变，不可疾出，伏而待定，纵有覆巢，可冀完卵"，意思就是说，发生地震时，不要急着跑出室外，而应抓紧求生时间寻找合适的避震场所，采取蹲下或坐下的方式，静待地震过去，这样即使房屋倒塌，人亦可安然无恙。
高楼避震三大策略
专家建议，在北京这样以楼房为主的大都市中，居民应该有意识地掌握一些科学适用的避震策略。
策略一：震时保持冷静，震后走到户外。这是避震的国际通用守则，国内外许多起地震实例表明，在地震发生的短暂瞬间，人们在进入或离开建筑物时，被砸死砸伤的概率最大。因此专家告诫，室内避震条件好的，首先要选择室内避震。如果建筑物抗震能力差，则尽可能从室内跑出去。
按照国家有关标准，北京地区居民楼房应具有抵御烈度为8度的地震破坏的能力。专家建议，地震发生时先不要慌，保持视野开阔和机动性，以便相机行事。特别要牢记的是，不要滞留床上；不可跑向阳台；不可跑到楼道等人员拥挤的地方去；不可跳楼；不可使用电梯，若震时在电梯里应尽快离开，若门打不开时要抱头蹲下。另外，要立即灭火断电，防止烫伤触电和发生火情。
策略二：避震位置至关重要。住楼房避震，可根据建筑物布局和室内状况，审时度势，寻找安全空间躲避。最好找一个可形成三角空间的地方。蹲在暖气旁较安全，暖气的承载力较大，金属管道的网络性结构和弹性不易被撕裂，即使在地震大幅度晃动时也不易被甩出去；暖气管道通气性好，不容易造成人员窒息；管道内的存水还可延长存活期。更重要的一点是，被困人员可采用击打暖气管道的方式向外界传递信息，而暖气靠外墙的位置有利于最快获得救助。
需要特别注意的是，当躲在厨房、卫生间这样的小开间时，尽量离炉具、煤气管道及易破碎的碗碟远些。若厨房、卫生间处在建筑物的犄角旮旯里，且隔断墙为薄板墙时，就不要把它选择为最佳避震场所。此外，不要钻进柜子或箱子里，因为人一旦钻进去后便立刻丧失机动性，视野受阻，四肢被缚，不仅会错过逃生机会还不利于被救；躺卧的姿势也不好，人体的平面面积加大，被击中的概率要比站立大5倍，而且很难机动变位。
策略三：近水不近火，靠外不靠内。这是确保在都市震灾中获得他人及时救助的重要原则。不要靠近煤气灶、煤气管道和家用电器；不要选择建筑物的内侧位置，尽量靠近外墙，但不可躲在窗户下面；尽量靠近水源处，一旦被困，要设法与外界联系，除用手机联系外，可敲击管道和暖气片，也可打开手电筒
家庭避震秘笈
1．抓紧时间紧急避险。如果感觉晃动很轻，说明震源比较远，只需躲在坚实的家具底下就可以。大地震从开始到振动过程结束，时间不过十几秒到几十秒，因此抓紧时间进行避震最为关键，不要耽误时间。
2．选择合适避震空间。室内较安全的避震空间有：承重墙墙根、墙角；有水管和暖气管道等处。屋内最不利避震的场所是：没有支撑物的床上；吊顶、吊灯下；周围无支撑的地板上；玻璃（包括镜子）和大窗户旁。
3．做好自我保护。首先要镇静，选择好躲避处后应蹲下或坐下，脸朝下，额头枕在两臂上；或抓住桌腿等身边牢固的物体，以免震时摔倒或因身体失控移位而受伤；保护头颈部，低头，用手护住头部或后颈；保护眼睛，低头、闭眼，以防异物伤害；保护口、鼻，有可能时，可用湿毛巾捂住口、鼻，以防灰土、毒气。
地震时的10条须知
1. 为了您自己和家人的人身安全请躲在桌子等坚固家具的下面
大的晃动时间约为1分钟左右。这是首先应顾及的是您自己与家人的人身安全。首先，在重心较低、且结实牢固的桌子下面躲避，并紧紧抓牢桌子腿。在没有桌子等可供藏身的场合，无论如何，也要用坐垫等物保护好头部。
2. 摇晃时立即关火，失火时立即灭火
大地震时，也会有不能依赖消防车来灭火的情形。因此，我们每个人关火、灭火的这种努力，是能否将地震灾害控制在最小程度的重要因素。
从平时就养成即便是小的地震也关火的习惯吧。
为了不使火灾酿成大祸，家里人自不用说，左邻右舍之间互相帮助，厉行早期灭火是极为重要的。
地震的时候，关火的机会有三次:
第一次机会 在大的晃动来临之前的小的晃动之时
在感知小的晃动的瞬间，即刻互相招呼："地震！快关火！"，关闭正在使用的取暖炉、煤气炉等。
第二次机会 在大的晃动停息的时候
在发生大的晃动时去关火，放在煤气炉、取暖炉上面的水壶等滑落下来，那是很危险的。
大的晃动停息后，再一次呼喊："关火！关火！"，并去关火。
第三次机会 在着火之后
即便发生失火的情形，在1-2分钟之内，还是可以扑灭的。为了能够迅速灭火，请将灭火器、消防水桶经常放置在离用火场所较近的地方。
3. 不要慌张地向户外跑
地震发生后,慌慌张张地向外跑,碎玻璃、屋顶上的砖瓦、广告牌等掉下来砸在身上，是很危险的。此外，水泥预制板墙、自动售货机等也有倒塌的危险，不要靠近这些物体。
4. 将门打开，确保出口
钢筋水泥结构的房屋等，由于地震的晃动会造成门窗错位，打不开门，曾经发生有人被封闭在屋子里的事例。请将门打开，确保出口。
平时要事先想好万一被关在屋子里，如何逃脱的方法，准备好梯子、绳索等。
5. 户外的场合，要保护好头部，避开危险之处
当大地剧烈摇晃，站立不稳的时候，人们都会有扶靠、抓住什么的心理。身边的门柱、墙壁大多会成为扶靠的对象。但是，这些看上去挺结实牢固的东西，实际上却是危险的。
在1987年日本宫城县海底地震时，由于水泥预制板墙、门柱的倒塌，曾经造成过多人死伤。务必不要靠近水泥预制板墙、门柱等躲避。
在繁华街、楼区，最危险的是玻璃窗、广告牌等物掉落下来砸伤人。要注意用手或手提包等物保护好头部。
此外，还应该注意自动售货机翻倒伤人。
在楼区时，根据情况，进入建筑物中躲避比较安全。
6. 在百货公司、剧场时依工作人员的指示行动
在百货公司、地下街等人员较多的地方，最可怕的是发生混乱。请依照商店职员、警卫人员的指示来行动。
就地震而言，据说地下街是比较安全的。即便发生停电，紧急照明电也会即刻亮起来，请镇静地采取行动。
如发生火灾，即刻会充满烟雾。以压低身体的姿势避难，并做到绝对不吸烟。
搭乘电梯的话
在发生地震、火灾时，不能使用电梯。万一在搭乘电梯时遇到地震，将操作盘上各楼层的按钮全部按下，一旦停下，迅速离开电梯，确认安全后避难。
高层大厦以及近来的建筑物的电梯，都装有管制运行的装置。地震发生时，会自动的动作，停在最近 的楼层。
万一被关在电梯中的话，请通过电梯中的专用电话与管理室联系、求助。
7. 汽车靠路边停车，管制区域禁止行驶
发生大地震时，汽车会象轮胎泄了气似的，无法把握方向盘，难以驾驶。必须充分注意，避开十字路口将车子靠路边停下。为了不妨碍避难疏散的人和紧急车辆的通行，要让出道路的中间部分。
都市中心地区的绝大部分道路将会全面禁止通行。充分注意汽车收音机的广播，附近有警察的话，要依照其指示行事。
有必要避难时，为不致卷入火灾，请把车窗关好，车钥匙插在车上，不要锁车门，并和当地的人一起行动。
8. 务必注意山崩、断崖落石或海啸
在山边、陡峭的倾斜地段，有发生山崩、断崖落石的危险，应迅速到安全的场所避难。
在海岸边，有遭遇海啸的危险。感知地震或发出海啸警报的话，请注意收音机、电视机等的信息，迅速到安全的场所避难。
9. 避难时要徒步，携带物品应在最少限度
因地震造成的火灾，蔓延燃烧，出现危机生命、人身安全等情形时，采取避难的措施。避难的方法，原则上以市民防灾组织、街道等为单位，在负责人及警察等带领下采取徒步避难的方式，携带的物品应在最少限度。绝对不能利用汽车、自行车避难。
对于病人等的避难，当地居民的合作互助是不可缺少的。从平时起，邻里之间有必要在事前就避难的方式等进行商定。
10. 不要听信谣言，不要轻举妄动
在发生大地震时，人们心理上易产生动摇。为防止混乱，每个人依据正确的信息，冷静地采取行动，极为重要。
从携带的收音机等中，把握正确的信息。相信从政府、警察、消防等防灾机构直接得到的信息，决不轻信不负责任的流言蜚语，不要轻举妄动。
平时的准备工作
1. 自己家的安全对策是否万无一失？
平时的准备工作，是将受害控制在最小程度的基本。
对大衣柜、餐具柜厨、电冰箱等做好固定、防止倾倒的措施。
在餐具柜厨、窗户等的玻璃上粘上透明薄膜或胶布，以防止玻璃破碎时四处飞溅。
为防止因地震的晃动造成柜厨门敞开，里面的物品掉出来，在柜厨、壁橱的门上安装合叶加以固定。
不要将电视机、花瓶等放置在较高的地方。
为防止散乱在地面上玻璃碎片伤人，平时准备好较厚实的拖鞋。
注意家具的摆放，确保安全的空间。
充分注意煤油取暖炉等用火器具及危险品的管理和保管。
加固水泥预制板墙，使其坚固不易倒塌。
2. 紧急备用品准备好了吗？
(1)饮用水 (2)食品、婴儿奶粉 (3)急救医药品 (4)便携式收音机、手电筒、干电池 (5)现金、贵重品 (6)内衣裤、毛巾、手纸等
3. 从平时起，建立邻里互助的协作体制
发生大地震时，可以预计在广大区域造成巨大灾害。在这种情况下，消防车、救护车不可能随叫随到。所以，，有必要从平时起通过街道等组织，与当地居民进行交流，建立起应付发生火灾、伤员时的互助协作体制。
从平时起，邻里之间应就一旦有事时互助协作体制进行商谈。
积极参加市民防灾组织。
积极参加防灾训练。
临震应急准备
在已发布破坏性地震临震预报的地区，应做好以下几个方面的应急工作：
1.备好临震急用物品， 地震发生之后，食品、医药等日常生活用品的生产和供应都会受到影响水塔、 水管往往被震坏，造成供水中断。为能度过震后初期的生活难关，临震前社会和 家庭都应准备一定数量的食品、水和日用品，以解燃眉之急。
2.建立临震避难场所 住的问题也是一件大事。房舍被震坏，需要有安身之处；余震不断发生，要 有一个躲藏处。这就需要临时搭建防震、防火、防寒、防雨的防震棚。各种帐篷 都可以利用，农村储粮的小圆仓，也是很好的抗震房。
3.划定疏散场所，转运危险物品： 城市人口密集，人员避震和疏散比较困难，为确保震时人员安全，震前要按 街、区分布，就近划定群众避震疏散路线和场所。震前要把易燃、易爆和有毒物 资及时转运到城外存放。
4.设置伤员急救中心 在城内抗震能力强的场所，或在城外设置急救中心，备好床位、医疗器械、照 明设备和药品等。
5.暂停公共活动 得到正式临震预报通知后，各种公共场所应暂停活动，观众或顾客要有秩序 地撤离；中、小学校可临时在室外上课；车站、码头可在露天候车。
6.组织人员撤离并转移重要财产 如果得到正式临震警报或通知，要迅速而有秩序地动员和组织群众撤离房屋。 正在治疗的重病号要转移到安全的地方。对少数思想麻痹的人，也要动员到安全 区。农村的大牲畜、拖拉机等生产资料，临震前要妥善转移到安全地带，机关、 企事业单位的车辆要开出车库，停在空旷地方，以便在抗震救灾中发挥作用。
7.防止次生灾害的发生 城市发生地震可能出现严重的次生灾害，特别是化工厂、煤气厂等易发生地震 次生灾害的单位，要加强鉴测和管理，设专人昼夜站岗和值班。
8.确保机要部门的安全 城市内各种机要部门和银行较多，地震时要加强安全保卫， 防止国有资产损 失和机密泄漏。消防队的车辆必须出库，消防人员要整装待发，以便及时扑灭火 灾，减少经济损失。
9.组织抢险队伍，合理安排生产 临震前，各级政府要就地组织好抢险救灾队伍（救人、医疗、灭火、 供水、 供电、通信等）。必要时，某些工厂应在防震指挥部的统一指令下暂停生产或低 负荷运行。
10.做好家庭防震准备 在已发布地震预报地区的居民须做好家庭防震准备，制定一个家庭防震计划，检查并及时消除家里不利防震的隐患。 ⑴检查和加固住房 对不利于抗震的房屋要加固，不宜加固的危房要撤离。对于笨重的房屋装饰物如女儿墙、高门脸等应拆掉。 ⑵合理放置家具、物品 固定好高大家具，防止倾倒砸人，牢固的家具下面要腾空，以备震时藏身； 家具物品摆放做到“重在下，轻在上”，墙上的悬挂物要取下来成固定位，防止掉下来伤人；清理好杂物，让门口、楼道畅通；阳台护墙要清理，拿掉花盆、杂 物；易燃易爆和有毒物品要放在安全的地方； ⑶准备好必要的防震物品准备一个包括食品、水、应急灯、简单药品、绳索、收音机等在内的家庭防震包，放在便于取到处。 ⑷进行家庭防震演练进行紧急撤离与疏散练习以及“一分钟紧急避险”练习。
不感动
