2006年政府工作报告中英版

Report on the Work of the Government (2006)

The following is the full text of the Report on the Work of the Government delivered by Premier ^^ at the Fourth Session of the Tenth National People's ConGREss on March 5, 2006.

各位代表：

现在，我代表国务院，向大会作政府工作报告，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。

Fellow Deputies,

On behalf of the State Council, I would like to present to you the following report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval. I also welcome comments and suggestions on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

一、去年工作回顾

I Review of the Work of the Past Year

2005年，我国社会主义现代化事业取得显著成就。

Major achievements were made in 2005 in the socialist modernization drive.

——经济平稳较快发展。全年国内生产总值达到18.23万亿元，比上年增长9.9%；财政收入突破3万亿元，增加5232亿元；居民消费价格总水平上涨1.8%。国民经济呈现增长较快、效益较好、价格较稳的良好局面。

-- Economic growth was fast yet steady. China's GDP reached 18.23 trillion yuan in 2005, an increase of 9.9 percent over the previous year. Government revenue exceeded 3 trillion yuan, 523.2 billion more than the previous year. The consumer price index rose by 1.8 percent. China's economy was in good shape and characterized by fast growth, improved economic returns and stable prices.

——改革开放迈出重大步伐。一些重点领域和关键环节的改革取得新突破；进出口贸易总额达到1.42万亿美元，增长23.2%；实际利用外商直接投资603亿美元；年末国家外汇储备达到8189亿美元。

-- Major steps were taken in reform and opening up. Breakthroughs were achieved in some key areas. China's import and export volume totaled 1.42 trillion U.S. dollars, an increase of 23.2 percent. Total foreign direct investment actually used reached 60.3 billion dollars, and the country's foreign exchange reserves totaled 818.9 billion dollars at the end of 2005.

——社会事业取得新进步。科技、教育、文化、卫生、体育等事业全面发展。神舟六号载人航天飞行圆满成功，标志着我国在一些重要科技领域达到世界先进水平。

-- Continued proGREss was made in social programs. Science and technology, education, culture, health, sports and other undertakings developed in an all-round way. The success of the Shenzhou VI manned space flight shows that China has reached world-class levels in some key areas of science and technology.

——人民生活进一步改善。城镇新增就业970万人；城镇居民人均可支配收入达到10493元，农村居民人均纯收入达到3255元，扣除价格因素，分别增长9.6%和6.2%。

-- People's lives continued to improve. A total of 9.7 million urban residents entered the workforce for the first time last year. Urban per capita disposable income rose to 10,493 yuan, an increase of 9.6 percent after adjusting for inflation, and rural per capita net income GREw to 3,255 yuan, an increase of 6.2 percent after adjusting for inflation.

我国在全面建设小康社会道路上迈出了新的坚实步伐

China took another substantial step forward on the road of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

一年来，我们以科学发展观统领经济社会发展全局，主要做了以下几方面工作：

We adopted a scientific outlook on development to guide China's overall economic and social development last year. We mainly undertook the following tasks.

（一）着力解决经济运行中的突出问题。继续搞好宏观调控，坚持区别对待、有保有压的原则，综合运用财税、货币、土地等手段，控制固定资产投资过快增长，遏制房地产投资过快增长和房价过快上涨的势头。进一步增加农业、能源、交通、社会事业等薄弱环节投入，促进协调发展，增强发展后劲。加强经济运行调节，继续缓解煤电油运紧张状况，保障了经济平稳较快增长。

1. Solving the major problems affecting economic performance. We continued to exercise effective macroeconomic regulation in accordance with the principle of taking different approaches to different situations and encouraging the growth of some sectors while discouraging the expansion of others. We used a combination of fiscal, tax, monetary and land policies to curb overheated growth in fixed asset and real estate investment and ballooning housing prices. In addition, we increased investment in weak links such as agriculture, energy, transport, and social programs to promote balanced development and provide momentum for future development. We improved economic regulation and reduced the pressure on tight supplies of coal, electricity, and petroleum and on the overloaded transportation system, thus ensuring fast yet steady growth of China's economy.

（二）积极推进经济结构调整和增长方式转变。继续加强“三农”工作。28个省（区、市）全部免征了农业税，全国取消了牧业税。增加对种粮农民的补贴和对产粮大县及财政困难县的转移支付，对部分粮食主产区的重点粮食品种实行最低收购价政策，多渠道增加农民收入。全年中央财政用于“三农”的支出达到2975亿元，比上年增加349亿元。粮食总产量在上年大幅度增长的基础上，又增产1454万吨，达到48401万吨。农业综合生产能力得到加强，粮食稳定增产和农民持续增收，为经济平稳较快发展和社会稳定奠定了基础。

2. Promoting economic restructuring and change of the pattern of economic growth. Work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers was further intensified. The agricultural tax was rescinded in 28 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, and the livestock tax was rescinded nationwide. We increased subsidies to grain producers and transfer payments to major grain-producing counties and financially strapped counties, set floor prices for the purchase of key grain varieties in some major grain-producing areas, and increased rural incomes through a variety of channels. Last year, 297.5 billion yuan from the central government budget was spent on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, a year-on-year increase of 34.9 billion yuan. Having risen considerably the previous year, total grain output rose again by 14.54 million tons to 484.01 million tons. The increased overall agricultural capacity, stable increase in grain production and steady increase in rural incomes provide the foundation for ensuring fast yet steady economic development and social stability.

在产业结构调整方面，制定和实施了能源、重要原材料和装备制造等行业发展规划和产业政策，提出了促进流通业发展的政策措施，引导和支持重点行业健康发展；淘汰了一批高耗能、高污染和不符合安全生产条件的落后生产能力。

In industrial restructuring, we formulated and implemented development programs and industrial policies for energy, important raw material production, equipment manufacturing and other sectors, and adopted policy measures to encourage development of the wholesale and retail industry. We guided and supported major industries to ensure their sound development and closed down a number of production facilities that had backward equipment, wasted energy, created serious pollution and were unsafe.

为推进经济增长方式转变，突出抓了能源资源节约和环境保护，提出了建设资源节约型社会、发展循环经济的任务和政策措施，启动了178项节能、节水和资源综合利用等重大项目。加强了矿产开发、土地利用和城乡规划管理。去年投入国债资金152亿元，主要用于淮河、太湖等重点流域污染防治和天然林保护、退耕还林还草、防沙治沙等重点生态工程。深入开展环保专项治理，解决了一些危害群众健康的环境问题。

We paid particular attention to energy and resource conservation and environmental protection and laid out tasks, policies and measures for building a resource-conserving society and developing a circular economy in order to change the pattern of economic growth. We launched 178 major projects that save energy and water and comprehensively utilize resources. Management of mineral exploration and exploitation, land use, and urban and rural planning was enhanced. Last year, 15.2 billion yuan from the sale of treasury bonds was used to finance key ecological projects undertaken to prevent and control pollution in the basins of the Huai River, Tai Lake and other major rivers and lakes, protect virgin forests, return farmland to forests or grassland, and prevent and control desertification. We launched special projects to address serious environmental problems that were endangering people's health.

（三）深化体制改革和推进对外开放。农村综合改革试点继续推进。国有商业银行股份制改革和农村信用社改革取得重要进展，上市公司股权分置改革稳步推进，完善人民币汇率形成机制改革顺利实施。国有企业建立现代企业制度步伐加快。中央财政安排219亿元支持116户国有企业实施政策性关闭破产，企业分离办社会职能工作继续进行。财税、投资、价格改革继续深化。邮政体制改革开始启动。铁路、民航体制改革取得新进展。制定并实施了鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展的政策措施。一些重点领域和关键环节的改革，取得了突破性进展。

3. Deepening economic restructuring and opening China further to the outside world. Trials of comprehensive rural reform were carried forward. Significant proGREss was made in introducing a shareholding system in state-owned commercial banks and in reforming rural credit cooperatives. Reform of the shareholder structure of listed companies made steady progress. Reform of the mechanism for setting the Renminbi exchange rate was implemented smoothly. Introduction of a modern corporate structure in state-owned enterprises was accelerated. A total of 21.9 billion yuan was allocated by the central government to subsidize the policy-based closure and bankruptcy of 116 state-owned enterprises. The work of relieving enterprises of their obligation to operate social programs continued. Reform in the areas of public finance, tax, investment and pricing was deepened. Reform of the postal service system was initiated. Further progress was made in the reform of the railway and civil aviation systems. Policy measures were adopted to encourage, support and guide the growth of the non-public sector of the economy. Breakthroughs were made in reforms in some major areas.

我们积极应对对外开放中出现的新情况新问题。调整出口退税、关税和加工贸易政策，优化对外贸易结构。完善出口退税机制。稳步推进服务业对外开放。全面部署了加入世界贸易组织后过渡期的各项工作。

We actively addressed new issues arising in the course of opening China to the outside world. The structure of foreign trade was improved by adjusting policies concerning export rebates, tariffs and processing trade. The export rebate mechanism was improved. Steady proGREss was made in opening the service sector to foreign competition. Overall arrangements were made for work after the transition period following China's entry into the WTO.

（四）加快发展各项社会事业。2005年中央财政用于科技、教育、卫生、文化等方面的支出1168亿元，比上年增长18.3%；投入国债建设资金95.4亿元。

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4. Accelerating the development of social programs. The central government spent 116.8 billion yuan in 2005 on science and technology, education, health and culture, an increase of 18.3 percent over the previous year. In addition, 9.54 billion yuan from the sale of treasury bonds was spent on these items.

在科技方面，加强了国家创新体系、基础研究和基础设施建设。集成电路芯片设计开发、第三代移动通信、高性能复合材料、高档数控机床研制等重大科技专项取得重要进展。在国务院领导下，组织和动员各方面力量，经过两年多的深入研究和广泛论证，制定了《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要》。

In science and technology, we improved the national innovation system and strengthened basic research and infrastructure development. Important proGREss was made in major R&D projects, including those to design and develop advanced integrated circuit chips, third-generation mobile communications, high-performance composite materials, and high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools. Under the leadership of the State Council, we formulated the Outline of the National Long- and Medium-Term Program for Scientific and Technological Development based on two years of in-depth research and extensive deliberation during which the views of all concerned parties were solicited.

在教育方面，重点加强了义务教育特别是农村义务教育。中央和地方财政安排专项资金70多亿元，对592个重点贫困县1700万名贫困家庭学生免除学杂费、免费提供教科书和补助寄宿生生活费，还为中西部地区1700多万名贫困家庭学生免费提供教科书，许多辍学儿童重新回到学校。继续实施西部地区“两基”攻坚计划。两年来新建、改建、扩建农村寄宿制学校2400多所，为16万个农村中小学校和教学点配备了远程教育设施。职业教育得到进一步加强。高等教育持续发展。

In education, we focused on strengthening compulsory education, especially in rural areas. Over 7 billion yuan was allocated by the central and local governments to pay tuition and miscellaneous fees, provide free textbooks, and subsidize room and board for 17 million students from poor families in 592 designated poverty-stricken counties. Free textbooks were also provided to over 17 million students from poor families in the central and western regions. As a result, many students who had dropped out of school were able to continue their studies. We continued to implement the plan to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal and to basically eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults in the western region. We built, renovated or expanded over 2,400 boarding schools in rural areas and provided distance learning equipment for 160,000 rural primary and secondary schools and learning centers over the past two years. Vocational education was further improved, and higher education continued to develop

在卫生方面，着力加强公共卫生体系建设和农村卫生工作。近三年，中央和地方投入105亿元，基本建成了覆盖省市县三级的疾病预防控制体系；总投资为164亿元的突发公共卫生事件医疗救治体系建设进展顺利。中央安排30亿元国债资金支持中西部乡镇卫生院建设，改善农村医疗卫生条件。新型农村合作医疗制度试点已扩大到671个县，惠及1.77亿农民。加强艾滋病等重大疾病防治。高度重视高致病性禽流感疫情防控工作，有效遏制了疫情蔓延和对人的传播。人口和计划生育工作取得新进展。

In health, we put GREat effort into improving the public health system and rural health care work. Over the past three years, the central and local governments spent 10.5 billion yuan to basically complete establishment of a disease prevention and control system that operates at the provincial, city and county levels. A total of 16.4 billion yuan was spent on setting up a medical treatment system for public health emergencies, and work is proceeding smoothly. The central government spent 3 billion yuan from the sale of treasury bonds to support the establishment of health clinics in towns and townships in the central and western regions, thus improving public health and medical treatment conditions there. Trials of a new type of rural cooperative medical care system were extended to 671 counties with a total of 177 million rural residents. We intensified efforts to prevent and treat major diseases such as AIDS and gave high priority to the prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza, keeping it from spreading and infecting people. Progress was made in population work and family planning.

在文化方面，积极开展文化体制改革试点工作，公共文化基础设施建设进一步加强，文化信息资源共享工程顺利实施。对外文化交流日益活跃。体育事业取得新成绩。社会主义精神文明建设得到加强。

In culture, we launched a trial reform of the cultural system, upgraded culture-related facilities for public use, implemented the project to share cultural information, and increased cultural exchanges with other countries. Further successes were achieved in the country's athletic endeavors. GREater efforts were made to promote socialist cultural and ideological progress.

（五）努力做好就业和社会保障工作。加大对就业再就业的政策支持和资金投入。去年中央财政安排国有企业下岗职工基本生活保障专项补助、再就业补助209亿元，比上年增加29亿元。统筹做好城镇新增劳动力、高校毕业生、复员退伍军人等就业工作。中央财政还安排专项资金支持农村劳动力转移培训和城镇退役士兵自谋职业。

5. Striving to increase employment and improve social security work. We increased policy support and spending to expand employment and reemployment. The central government last year allocated 20.9 billion yuan to provide basic living allowances and reemployment subsidies to employees laid off from state-owned enterprises, 2.9 billion more than the year before. We did a good job providing employment for urban residents newly entering the workforce, college graduates and demobilized soldiers. A special fund was also set up in central government budget to support job training for farm laborers looking for urban employment and to assist demobilized soldiers from urban areas in finding jobs for themselves.

社会保障体系不断完善，覆盖面进一步扩大。已有17个省（区、市）完成国有企业下岗职工基本生活保障向失业保险并轨。城市低保对象基本实现应保尽保。重点优抚对象抚恤补助标准明显提高，中央财政安排优抚事业费74.6亿元，比上年增长90%。28个省（区、市）、2300个县（市）已初步建立社会救助体系的基本框架。救灾和扶贫工作力度加大。全年中央财政用于抗灾救灾的资金89亿元，救助受灾群众9000多万人次。中央和地方财政安排扶贫资金162亿元，农村贫困人口比上年减少245万人。

The social security system underwent steady improvement, and its coverage was expanded. The work of incorporating basic living allowances for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises into the unemployment benefit system was completed in 17 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. All urban residents entitled to basic living allowances are now basically receiving them. Allowances for key entitled groups were increased significantly, and 7.46 billion yuan was allocated from the central government budget for allowances for entitled groups, a 90 percent increase from the previous year. The basic framework of a social assistance system has been established in 28 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government and in 2,300 counties and cities. Disaster relief and anti-poverty work was intensified. Total expenditures from the central government budget for fighting natural disasters and providing disaster relief came to 8.9 billion yuan last year, and more than 90 million people were helped. The central and local governments allocated 16.2 billion yuan for poverty alleviation, and the number of rural residents living in poverty decreased by 2.45 million.

（六）切实加强民主法制建设。基层民主政治建设继续推进，21个省（区、市）完成了村委会换届选举。政务公开、厂务公开和村务公开不断扩大。加强了政府决策科学化、民主化工作，对涉及群众利益的重大事项实行公示、听证等制度。重视政府法制建设，国务院提出了劳动合同法、妇女权益保障法和个人所得税法修正案（草案）等7部法律议案，制定并颁布了《重大动物疫情应急条例》、《关于预防煤矿生产安全事故的特别规定》等22部行政法规。制定和实施了《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》和专项预案，应对突发事件的能力不断提高。审计、监察监督进一步强化。认真做好实施《中华人民共和国公务员法》的准备工作。实施新的《信访条例》，畅通了信访渠道，规范了信访秩序。稳步推进司法体制改革。深入开展规范执法行为、促进执法公正的专项整改活动，保障公民合法权益。继续加强社会治安综合治理，依法严厉打击各种违法犯罪活动，刑事发案数有所下降，社会保持稳定。

6. Strengthening democracy and the legal system. Democracy continued to make advances at the local level, and elections for village committees were held in 21 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. The running of governments, factories and villages was made more transparent. Government decision making was made more scientific and democratic, and a system of public notices and public hearings on matters affecting the interests of the people was instituted. Much effort was put into passing government legislation. The State Council sponsored seven bills, including the revised versions of the Labor Contract Law, the Law Guaranteeing the Rights and Interests of Women, and the Individual Income Tax Law (draft), and 22 administrative regulations were drawn up and promulgated by the State Council, including the Emergency Measures for Handling Major Animal Epidemics and the Special Regulations for Preventing Coalmine Accidents. The State Council formulated and implemented the Master State Plan for Rapid Response to Public Emergencies and plans for managing specific emergencies, thus improving our ability to respond to emergencies. Oversight was strengthened through auditing and supervision. We carried out thorough preparatory work for implementing the Civil Servant Law of the People's Republic of China. The new Regulations on Petitions in the Form of Letters and Visits were implemented, improving people's access to government departments that handle such petitions and ensuring order in submitting and handling them. Steady proGREss was made in the reform of the judicial system. A campaign to correct irregularities and promote impartiality in law enforcement was launched to safeguard citizens' lawful rights and interests. We continued to improve all facets of public security and severely punished illegal and criminal activities in accordance with the law. The number of criminal cases dropped, and social stability was maintained.

民族、宗教、侨务和对台工作进一步加强。国防和军队现代化建设取得新进展。外交工作成果显著。

Work related to ethnic groups, religions, overseas Chinese, and Taiwan was further improved. We continued to make proGREss in the modernization of national defense and the army. Significant progress was made in diplomacy.

一年来的成就，是以胡***同志为总书记的党中央驾驭全局、正确领导的结果，是广大干部群众共同奋斗、辛勤劳动的结果。在这里，我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚的感谢！向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞和台湾同胞以及广大侨胞，表示诚挚的感谢！向一切关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国朋友，表示诚挚的感谢！

We owe these successes to the correct overall leadership of the Central Committee with Comrade ^^ as General Secretary and to the concerted efforts and hard work of government employees and the general public. On behalf of the State Council, I would now like to express our sincere thanks to the people of all ethnic groups, to the democratic parties, to all people's organizations, and to people from all walks of life. I would like to sincerely thank our compatriots from the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese. I would also like to sincerely thank our friends around the world who care about and support China's modernization drive.

在看到成绩的同时，我们也清醒地认识到，经济社会生活中的困难和问题还不少。一些长期积累的和深层次的矛盾尚未根本解决，又出现了一些不容忽视的新问题。一是粮食增产和农民增收难度加大。当前粮价走低和农业生产资料价格上涨的压力都不小，影响农民增加收入和种粮积极性。耕地不断减少，农业综合生产能力不强，粮食安全存在隐患。二是固定资产投资增幅仍然偏高。有些行业投资增长过快，新开工项目偏多，投资结构不合理，投资反弹的压力比较大。三是部分行业过度投资的不良后果开始显现。产能过剩问题日趋突出，相关产品价格下跌，库存上升，企业利润减少，亏损增加，潜在的金融风险加大。四是涉及群众切身利益的不少问题还没有得到很好解决。看病难、看病贵和上学难、上学贵等问题突出，群众反映比较强烈；在土地征用、房屋拆迁、库区移民、企业改制、环境保护等方面，还存在一些违反法规和政策而损害群众利益的问题。五是安全生产形势严峻。煤矿、交通等重特大事故频繁发生，给人民群众生命财产造成严重损失。

While acknowledging our successes, we must also clearly realize that there are still many difficulties and problems in China's economic and social activities. Many long-standing and deep-seated problems have yet to be fundamentally solved, and a number of new problems have arisen that require our attention. First, it has become difficult to further increase grain production and rural incomes. There is downward pressure on grain prices and upward pressure on the prices of agricultural supplies, making it difficult for farmers to increase their earnings and discouraging them from growing grain. Moreover, the total area of useable farmland continues to decrease, and the overall agricultural production capacity is weak. This poses a threat to the nation's food security. Second, fixed asset investment is still expanding too fast. Investment in some industries is increasing too quickly, and too many new projects have been launched. Investment is too concentrated in some areas, and there is significant pressure for a rebound in investment. Third, the adverse consequences of overheated investment in some industries are becoming apparent. The problem of excess production capacity is getting worse, causing the prices of goods to drop and inventories to increase. Corporate profits are down and losses are increasing, creating GREater potential financial risks. Fourth, many problems affecting the vital interests of the people have yet to be satisfactorily solved. There is strong public concern over the difficulty and high cost of getting medical treatment and receiving an education. The people's interests are adversely affected by violations of regulations and policies in a number of areas, including land expropriation, housing demolition and resident relocation, relocation of people from reservoir areas, and corporate restructuring, as well as by environmental protection. Fifth, there are serious problems in production safety. Major coalmine and traffic accidents occur frequently, causing serious loss of life and property.

我们还认识到，各级政府工作中存在不少缺点和不足。政府职能转变滞后，一些工作落实不够，办事效率不高，形式主义、做表面文章的现象还比较突出，一些政府工作人员弄虚作假、奢侈浪费，甚至贪污腐败。

We are also aware that there are still quite a few defects and shortcomings in the work of governments at all levels. The process of transforming government functions is behind schedule, some tasks have not been adequately carried out, and efficiency is low. The problem of formalism and going through the motions is still fairly serious. Some government employees engage in fraud, some are extravagant and wasteful, and some are even corrupt.

我们要进一步增强使命感和紧迫感，发扬成绩，改进工作，以更加昂扬的斗志，更加奋发有为的精神状态，更加扎实的工作作风，努力把政府各项工作做得更好，绝不辜负人民的厚望和国家的重托。

We must heighten our sense of mission and our sense of urgency, build on our achievements, improve our work, boost our morale, work conscientiously, strive to do all government work better, and do our best to live up to people's expectations and prove ourselves worthy of the GREat trust the country has placed in us.

二、今年主要任务

II. Major Tasks for This Year

2006年是实施“十一五”规划的第一年，改革发展稳定的任务十分繁重。做好政府工作的基本思路是：以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，认真贯彻党的十六大和十六届三中、四中、五中全会精神，全面落实科学发展观，坚持加快改革开放和自主创新，坚持推进经济结构调整和增长方式转变，坚持把解决涉及人民群众切身利益问题放在突出位置，全面加强社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设与和谐社会建设，为“十一五”开好局、起好步。

The tasks related to reform, development and stability for 2006, the first year in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, are huge. To do the work of the government well and get the Eleventh Five-Year Plan off to a good start, we need to adopt the following basic line of thinking: Take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide, closely follow the guidelines set out at the Sixteenth CPC National ConGREss and the third through fifth plenary sessions of the Sixteenth Central Committee, fully implement a scientific outlook on development, continue to accelerate reform and opening up and stimulate independent innovation, continue to promote economic restructuring and change of the pattern of growth, always put problems affecting the vital interests of the people high on our agenda, intensify all aspects of the effort to build a socialist economy, promote development of the country politically and culturally, and create a harmonious society.

综合考虑各种因素，2006年国民经济和社会发展的主要预期目标是：国内生产总值增长8%左右，单位国内生产总值能耗降低4%左右；居民消费价格总水平涨幅控制在3%；城镇新增就业900万人，城镇登记失业率控制在4.6%；国际收支基本平衡。

Taking all relevant factors into consideration, we have set the following major targets for economic and social development in 2006 as follows: GDP should grow by about 8 percent, and energy consumption per unit of GDP should fall by about 4 percent. The rise in consumer prices should be kept under 3 percent. Urban employment should increase by 9 million persons, and the urban registered unemployment rate should be kept under 4.6 percent. The equilibrium in the balance of payments should stay basically balanced.

通观全局，做好今年政府工作必须把握好以下原则：一是稳定政策，适度微调。继续搞好宏观调控，保持宏观经济政策的连续性和稳定性，正确把握宏观调控的方向和力度，注重区别对待、分类指导，有针对性地解决经济发展中的突出矛盾。二是把握大局，抓好重点。正确处理改革发展稳定的关系，以改革开放为动力推动各项工作，着力解决事关全局的重大问题，促进经济社会全面发展。三是统筹兼顾，关注民生。坚持以人为本，搞好“五个统筹”，更加注重城乡、区域协调发展，更加注重社会事业建设，更加注重社会公平和社会稳定，让全体人民共享改革发展成果。四是立足当前，着眼长远。把做好今年工作和实现“十一五”规划目标结合起来，积极进取，量力而行，注重实效。

We need to keep the overall situation in mind and firmly adhere to the following principles to ensure success in the work of the government this year. First is to maintain consistency in government policy and carry out fine-tuning as needed. We need to continue to properly exercise macroeconomic regulation, ensure continuity and stability in macroeconomic policies, maintain the correct orientation and strength of macroeconomic regulation, handle each case on its own merits, provide guidance tailored to the situation, and take specific measures to solve major problems in economic development. Second is to always keep the big picture in mind and pay close attention to key areas. We need to correctly balance reform, development and stability, use reform and opening up to drive all aspects of our work, and strive to solve the major problems affecting the overall situation in order to promote all aspects of economic and social development. Third is to take all factors into consideration in making overall plans and pay close attention to the well-being of the people. We need to continue to put people first, maintain the "five balances" [balancing urban and rural development, development among regions, economic and social development, development of man and nature, and domestic development and opening wider to the outside world, tr.], pay closer attention to balancing development between urban and rural areas and among regions, developing social programs, and promoting fairness and stability in society, and enable all our people to share in the fruits of reform and development. Fourth is to stay firmly rooted in the present while looking ahead to the future. We need to do a good job of this year's work, gear our work to meeting the targets set in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, strive to make proGREss, refrain from taking on more than we can handle, and achieve concrete results.

今年要着力做好以下几方面的工作。

We need to focus on the following aspects of our work this year.

（一）继续保持经济平稳较快发展

1. Maintaining fast yet steady economic development

从当前国际环境和国内形势看，今年经济发展的有利条件很多，但制约发展的矛盾也不少，还有一些不确定因素，需要采取正确的应对之策，防止经济出现大的起落。

Looking at the current international environment and domestic conditions, we can see that there are many conditions conducive to economic development this year. But there are also a number of problems that could hold back development, as well as some uncertainties. We need to adopt sound policies to deal with these problems and uncertainties to prevent large fluctuations in the economy.

稳定宏观经济政策，主要是继续实施稳健的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。鉴于当前经济增长势头较好，社会投资活跃，今年要继续适当减少长期建设国债发行规模和财政赤字。拟发行长期建设国债600亿元，比上年减少200亿元，同时增加中央预算内经常性建设投资100亿元；拟安排中央财政赤字2950亿元，比上年预算减少50亿元。长期建设国债资金和预算内投资，主要用于农林水利、科教文卫、生态建设、环境保护和西部开发等方面，保证重点续建项目，适当开工建设关系发展全局的重大项目。从今年开始，参照国际通行做法，采取国债余额管理方式管理国债发行。大力推进依法治税，切实加强税收征管，规范非税收入管理。财政支出要统筹兼顾、量入为出、确保重点、厉行节约。加强财政监管，控制行政经费增长。要保持货币信贷适度增长，优化信贷结构，创新金融产品，加大对“三农”、中小企业、就业、助学的信贷支持，合理控制中长期贷款。健全利率形成和传导机制。完善有管理的浮动汇率制度，保持人民币汇率在合理、均衡水平上的基本稳定。

We will keep macroeconomic policies stable, mainly by continuing to follow prudent fiscal and monetary policies. Since the economy is now performing well and there is a lot of activity in non-state investment, this year we will again appropriately reduce the deficit and the amount of long-term treasury bonds for development. We plan to issue 60 billion yuan worth of long-term treasury bonds, 20 billion yuan less than last year, while increasing regular construction investment from the central government budget by 10 billion yuan. The deficit in the central government budget is projected to be 295 billion yuan, 5 billion yuan less than last year. Funds from the sale of long-term treasury bonds and budgetary investment will be mainly used to maintain adequate funding for key projects already underway and to fund an appropriate number of major new projects that impact on overall development in agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, science, education, culture, health, ecological improvement, environmental protection and development of the western region. Starting this year, China will follow standard international practices by adopting the method of outstanding balance management for its national debt. We need to administer taxes in accordance with the law, improve tax collection and management, and standardize management of non-tax revenue. We need to take all factors into consideration in making overall plans for budgetary expenditures, limit expenditures to what we can afford, ensure adequate funding for key items and economize wherever possible. We will strengthen budgetary oversight and control the rise in administrative expenses. We need to maintain appropriate growth of money supply and credit, improve the mix in loan portfolios and create new financial products. We need to increase credit support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers and for small and medium-sized businesses, employment, and students having difficulty paying educational expenses. Long- and medium-term credit should be kept at an appropriate level. We will improve the mechanisms for setting and transmitting interest rates. We will improve the system of managed floating foreign currency exchange rates and keep the Renminbi exchange rate basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.

坚持扩大内需的战略方针，重点是扩大消费需求，增强消费对经济发展的拉动作用。一是努力增加城乡居民收入。要调整收入分配关系，规范收入分配秩序，增加中低收入者的收入。坚持“多予少取放活”，特别要在“多予”上采取更多措施，增加农民收入。各地都要合理调整和严格执行最低工资制度，制定和推行最低小时工资标准。逐步解决农民工工资偏低的问题。建立并完善防止工资拖欠的法规和机制。认真实施修改后的个人所得税法，减轻中低收入者的税负。今年国家将适当提高企业离退休人员基本养老金标准、优抚对象抚恤补助标准、城市居民最低生活保障补助标准。改革公务员工资制度，在清理规范津贴补贴的基础上，建立国家统一的职务与级别相结合的工资制度和工资正常增长机制，完善艰苦边远地区津贴制度。同时，推进事业单位收入分配制度改革。二是稳定居民支出预期，扩大即期消费。通过加快完善社会保障体系和解决教育、医疗卫生、住房等领域的突出问题，减轻居民增加消费的后顾之忧。三是大力开拓农村消费市场。加强农村流通体系和市场建设，充分发挥农村现有流通网络的作用，支持城市流通企业经营网络向农村延伸，为农民增加消费提供便利。四是完善消费环境和政策。改善居民住、行条件，积极发展旅游、文化、健身等服务性消费。切实保障消费者合法权益。合理调整消费税，规范和发展消费信贷，抓紧清理、修订现行抑制消费的不合理规定和政策，促进居民消费结构升级。

We will adhere to the strategy of expanding domestic consumption and focus on increasing consumption demand and strengthening the role of consumption in fueling economic development. First, we will strive to raise urban and rural incomes. We need to adjust the distribution of incomes, standardize the way income is distributed, and increase the income of people in the lower and middle income brackets. To increase rural incomes, we will continue to pursue the policy of giving more, taking less and loosening control. In particular, we need to adopt more measures to give more benefits to farmers. All local governments should make necessary adjustments to the minimum salary system and implement it strictly, and introduce a minimum hourly wage system. We need to gradually solve the problem of low wages for rural migrant workers in cities. We must establish laws and mechanisms for ensuring that wages are paid on time. We will conscientiously implement the revised Individual Income Tax Law and lower the tax burden on low- and middle-income people. This year, the government will appropriately raise basic pension benefits for retired enterprise employees, subsidies for entitled groups and subsistence allowances for urban residents. We will reform the civil servant pay system. We will establish a unified national salary system based on position and rank and a mechanism for regular pay increases and improve the system of allowances for difficult and remote border regions, all based on review and standardization of existing allowances and subsidies. In addition, we will promote reform of the income distribution system in public service institutions. Second, we will keep expected individual spending stable and encourage immediate consumption. We will address people's concerns that increasing consumption will make them unable later to meet basic living needs by accelerating efforts to improve the social security system and solve major problems in education, public health and medical care, and housing. Third, we will work hard to encourage consumption in rural areas. We will increase efforts to develop rural markets and promote the flow of goods, make full use of existing rural retail distribution networks, and support urban wholesale and retail businesses in setting up outlets in the countryside to stimulate rural consumption. Fourth, we will improve the consumption environment and consumption-related policies. We will improve housing and public transportation conditions and take active steps to further develop tourism, cultural activities, fitness centers and other services. We will effectively safeguard consumers' lawful rights and interests. We will make appropriate adjustments to the current consumption tax, standardize and develop consumer credit, promptly eliminate or revise unsuitable regulations and policies that discourage consumption, and promote more high-end consumption.

保持固定资产投资适当规模，坚持有保有压，优化投资结构，防止投资过快增长。继续把好土地、信贷两个闸门，坚持实行最严格的土地管理制度，坚持按照贷款条件和市场准入标准发放贷款。从严控制新开工项目。同时，进一步加强经济社会发展薄弱环节和重点领域的建设。继续解决部分城市房地产投资规模过大和房价上涨过快的问题。要着力调整住房供应结构，严格控制高档房地产开发，重点发展普通商品房和经济适用房。建立健全廉租房制度和住房租赁制度。整顿规范房地产和建筑市场秩序，基本完成建设领域清理拖欠工程款任务，促进房地产业和建筑业健康发展。

We will maintain fixed asset investment at an appropriate scale, continue to encourage the growth of some sectors while discouraging the expansion of others, improve the investment structure and prevent breakneck growth in investment. We will continue to properly control the availability of land and credit, practice the strictest possible land management system, and grant loans on the basis of proper qualifications and market access requirements. We will strictly control the number of new projects undertaken. We will strengthen weak links and key areas in economic and social development. We will continue efforts to restrict excessive real estate investment and lower overheated real estate prices in some cities. We need to adjust the types of real estate properties on the market by strictly controlling new high-end real estate projects and concentrating on building general commercial housing and low-cost housing. We will establish a sound system for renting affordable housing and a system for leasing housing. We will establish and standardize order in the real estate and construction markets, basically clear up all overdue payments related to construction projects, and promote the sound development of the real estate and construction industries.

（二）扎实推进社会主义新农村建设

2. Promoting the building of a new socialist countryside

建设社会主义新农村，是党的十六届五中全会提出的重大历史任务，事关全面建设小康社会和现代化建设全局。要贯彻工业反哺农业、城市支持农村的方针，加大对“三农”的支持力度，推进农村体制改革和制度创新，尽快使广大农村面貌有比较明显的变化。

Building a new socialist countryside is a major historic task set at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee of the Party, which will have an overall impact on building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and modernizing the country. We need to implement a policy of getting industry to support agriculture and cities to support the countryside, strengthen support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and continue making reforms in rural systems and innovations in rural institutions to bring about a rapid and significant change in the overall appearance of the countryside.

建设社会主义新农村，首先要发展现代农业，促进粮食生产稳定发展和农民持续增收。稳定、完善和强化对农业的扶持政策。进一步增加对农民的种粮直接补贴、良种补贴、农机具补贴，增加对产粮大县和财政困难县的转移支付。坚持和完善重点粮食品种最低收购价政策，抑制农业生产资料价格上涨。今年中央财政用于“三农”的支出达到3397亿元，比上年增加422亿元。要切实保护耕地特别是基本农田，稳定粮食播种面积，不断提高粮食综合生产能力。增强农业科技创新和转化能力，加强农业技术推广和服务。加快兽医管理体制改革和动物疫病防控体系建设。继续调整农业结构，积极发展畜牧业，推进农业产业化，大力发展农村二、三产业特别是农产品加工业，壮大县域经济，推进农村劳动力向非农产业和城镇有序转移，多渠道增加农民收入。

The first priority in developing a new socialist countryside is to develop modern agriculture and promote steady expansion of grain production and sustained increase in rural incomes. We will stabilize, improve and strengthen policies supporting agriculture. We will further increase direct subsidies to grain producers, subsidies for growing superior grain cultivars, and subsidies for agricultural machinery and tools as well as increase transfer payments to major grain-producing counties and financially strapped counties. We will continue and improve the floor price policy for key grain varieties and keep prices for agricultural supplies from rising too quickly. Central government budget expenditures for agriculture, rural areas and farmers this year will total 339.7 billion yuan, 42.2 billion yuan more than last year. We need to protect arable land, especially basic farmland, stabilize the acreage sown to grain, and expand overall grain production capacity. We will increase the country's capacity for innovation in agricultural science and technology and ability to put scientific and technological advances to practical use, and step up efforts to disseminate agricultural technology and improve agriculture-related technical services. We will accelerate reform of the veterinary medicine management system and development of the animal disease prevention and control system. We will continue to adjust the structure of agriculture by promoting development of the livestock and poultry industry, promoting the industrialization of agriculture, developing secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas, particularly for processing agricultural products, helping county economies grow, bringing about an orderly transfer of the rural workforce to nonagricultural employment in rural and urban areas, and increasing rural incomes through various channels.

建设社会主义新农村，必须加强农村基础设施建设。要下决心调整投资方向，把国家对基础设施建设投入的重点转向农村，这是一个重大转变。主要是加强以小型水利设施为重点的农田基本建设，加强防汛抗旱和减灾体系建设，加强农村道路、饮水、沼气、电网、通信等基础设施和人居环境建设，加强教育、卫生、文化等农村公共事业建设。主要措施是：逐年加大国家财政投资和信贷资金对农业、农村的投入；整合各种渠道的支农资金，提高资金使用效益；积极引导农民对直接受益的公益设施建设投资投劳；鼓励和引导社会各类资金投向农村建设，逐步建立合理、稳定和有效的资金投入机制。通过坚持不懈努力，使农村基础设施有一个大的改善。

In order to build a new socialist countryside, we must accelerate development of rural infrastructure. We need to resolutely work to reorient investment by shifting the government's priority in infrastructure investment to the countryside. This constitutes a major change. This mainly involves strengthening basic development of farmland, with the focus on small water conservancy facilities; improving the system of flood control, drought resistance and disaster reduction; accelerating construction of infrastructure projects such as roads, drinking water supplies, methane facilities, electric grids and communications; improving the living environment in rural areas; and accelerating development of rural public services, such as education, health and culture. The main measures we will adopt to accomplish this goal are: gradually increasing annual investment in agriculture and rural areas from the central and local government budgets and credit funds, integrating agricultural investment from all channels to improve capital performance, guiding farmers to invest capital and labor in public welfare facilities that benefit them directly, encouraging and guiding the investment of non-state funds in rural development, and gradually establish an appropriate, stable and effective investment mechanism. If we work tirelessly, we can bring about a major improvement in rural infrastructure.

建设社会主义新农村，必须全面推进农村综合改革。今年在全国彻底取消农业税，标志着在我国实行了长达2600年的这个古老税种从此退出历史舞台，这是具有划时代意义的重大变革。农村税费改革不仅取消了原先336亿元的农业税赋，而且取消了700多亿元的“三提五统”和农村教育集资等，还取消了各种不合理收费，农民得到了很大的实惠。为保证基层政权正常运转和农村义务教育的需要，从今年起，国家财政将每年安排支出1030多亿元，其中中央财政转移支付每年将达到780多亿元，地方财政每年将安排支出250多亿元。需要指出，全部取消农业税后，巩固和发展农村税费改革成果的任务仍然十分艰巨，关键是要全面推进农村综合改革，包括深化乡镇机构、农村义务教育和县乡财政管理体制等改革。这些改革，既涉及农村生产关系调整，也直接触及农村上层建筑变革，意义更深刻，工作更艰难，一定要坚定不移地推进。

In order to build a new socialist countryside, we must comprehensively carry out overall rural reform. This year, we will completely rescind the agricultural tax throughout the country, a tax that China has been collecting for 2,600 years. This is a change of epoch-making significance. The reform of rural taxes and fees has GREatly benefited farmers by eliminating 33.6 billion yuan of agricultural tax, over 70 billion yuan in the form of the "three deductions" [for public reserve funds, public welfare funds and management fees, tr.] and the "five charges" [charges for rural education, family planning, militia training, rural road construction and subsidies to entitled groups, tr.], assessments for rural education and other unreasonable fees. Starting this year, the government will appropriate over 103 billion yuan annually to ensure the normal operation of town and township governments and meet the needs of rural compulsory education. This figure is comprised of more than 78 billion yuan in transfer payments from the central government budget and over 25 billion yuan from local government budgets. It must be pointed out that after the agricultural tax is completely rescinded, the task of consolidating the results of the reform of rural taxes and fees and furthering the reform will remain very difficult. The key to success is to comprehensively carry out overall rural reform, including deepening reform of government bodies in towns and townships, rural compulsory education, and county and township fiscal management systems. These reforms require adjustments in rural production relationships and directly involve changes in the rural superstructure, which makes such changes profoundly significant and difficult to achieve. However, we must unwaveringly implement them.

建设社会主义新农村是一项长期而艰巨的任务。要坚持从实际出发，因地制宜，分类指导，搞好规划；要尊重农民意愿，不能搞形式主义和强迫命令，防止一哄而起；要发扬自力更生、艰苦奋斗精神，求真务实，真抓实干。

The building of a new socialist countryside is a long-term arduous task. We need to proceed from reality, take measures suited to local conditions, give guidance tailored to the situation and plan carefully. We need to respect the wishes of farmers, oppose formalism and coercion, and avoid the herd mentality. We need to advocate a spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle, be realistic and pragmatic, and work diligently.

（三）加大产业结构调整、资源节约和环境保护力度

3. Intensifying efforts to restructure industries, conserve resources and protect the environment

推进产业结构调整和优化升级，是转变经济增长方式、提高经济增长质量的重要途径和迫切任务。一要着力提升产业层次和技术水平。要加快发展先进制造业、高新技术产业和现代服务业，继续加强交通、能源、水利等基础产业和基础设施建设，推进国民经济和社会信息化。提高产业技术水平，关键是要全面增强自主创新能力。要在一些重要产业尽快掌握核心技术和提高系统集成能力，形成一批拥有自主知识产权的技术、产品和标准。主要措施是：强化企业在自主创新中的主体地位，建立以市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系；大力实施品牌战略，鼓励开发具有自主知识产权的知名品牌；健全知识产权保护体系，加大知识产权保护的执法力度；完善自主创新的激励机制，实行支持企业创新的财税、金融和政府采购等政策；改善市场环境，发展创业风险投资，支持中小企业提升自主创新能力。二要推进部分产能过剩行业调整。进行这项调整，要综合运用经济、法律和必要的行政手段，充分发挥市场机制的作用。主要措施是：认真贯彻国家产业政策，严格市场准入标准，控制新增产能；推动企业并购、重组、联合，支持优势企业做强做大，提高产业集中度；依法关闭那些破坏资源、污染环境和不符合安全生产条件的企业，淘汰落后生产能力；通过调整投资结构、扩大消费需求等措施，合理利用和消化一些已经形成的生产能力。这项工作涉及面广，政策性强，要积极而有序地进行。

Restructuring and upgrading industries, which are our major means for improving the pattern and quality of economic growth, constitute a pressing task. First, we need to upgrade industries and improve industrial technology. We will accelerate the development of advanced manufacturing, new and high technology industries, and modern services, while continuing to improve basic industries and infrastructure such as transportation, energy and water conservancy. We will promote the application of information technology in the economy and society. The key to improving the technology used in industries lies in comprehensively improving our capacity for independent innovation. We need to promptly develop core technologies and improve systems integration in some important industries and create technologies, products and standards for which we own intellectual property rights. The main measures we will adopt are: We will strengthen the role of enterprises to make them the main source of independent innovation and build a market-oriented system for technological innovation that integrates the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes. We will energetically pursue a name brand strategy by encouraging development of famous brands for which we hold intellectual property rights. We will strengthen the system for protecting intellectual property rights and intensify law enforcement in this area. We will improve the mechanisms for encouraging independent innovation and adopt fiscal, tax, banking and government procurement policies that support enterprise innovation. Finally, we will improve the market climate, promote risk investment for business startups, and help small and medium-sized enterprises improve their capacity for independent innovation. Second, we need to restructure some industries that have surplus production capacity. To do this, we will use a combination of economic, legal and necessary administrative means, and take full advantage of the role of market forces. The main measures we will adopt are: We will earnestly implement all industrial policies, make the requirements for market access more rigorous, and control expansion of production capacity. We will support corporate acquisition and reorganization and joint production aGREements between enterprises, and encourage competitive enterprises to grow stronger and larger to increase concentration in industries. We will, in accordance with the law, shut down enterprises that use resources destructively, contaminate the environment, or do not meet production safety standards, and close down outmoded production facilities. We will make proper and efficient use of existing production capacity by restructuring investment and expanding consumption demand. This work has wide implications and involves policy considerations, and it needs to be done in an energetic yet orderly way.

抓好资源节约工作。一要综合运用各种手段，特别是价格、税收等经济手段，促进资源合理开发和节约使用。二要抓紧制定和完善各行业节能、节水、节地、节材标准，推进节能降耗重点项目建设，促进土地集约利用。鼓励发展节能降耗产品和节能省地型建筑。三要大力推动以节能降耗为重点的设备更新和技术改造，加快淘汰高耗能、高耗水、高耗材的工艺、设备和产品。四要大力发展循环经济。在重点行业、产业园区、城市和农村实施一批循环经济试点。完善资源综合利用和再生资源回收的税收优惠政策，推进废物综合利用和废旧资源回收利用。五要全面加强管理，把节能降耗纳入经济社会发展的统计、评价考核体系，建立信息发布制度。从今年开始，每年都要公布各地区和主要行业的单位产值能源消耗情况。六要在全社会广泛持久地开展资源节约活动，使建设资源节约型社会深入人心，蔚成风气。

We must conserve resources. First, we need to use a combination of means, particularly pricing and taxation, to promote the rational exploitation and economical use of resources. Second, we need to work quickly to establish or improve standards for conserving energy, water, land and materials in all industries, develop key projects that save energy and materials, and promote more intensive utilization of land. We will encourage development of products that save energy and resources and construction of buildings that conserve energy and land. Third, we need to strongly promote upgrading of equipment and technology, focusing on saving energy and decreasing consumption of materials, and more quickly eliminate production processes, technologies and equipment products that waste energy, water and raw materials. Fourth, we need to work hard to develop the circular economy. A number of circular economy pilot projects will be conducted in key industries, industrial zones, and urban and rural areas. We will improve preferential tax policies for comprehensive utilization of resources and recycling of recyclable waste, and promote comprehensive utilization of waste materials and recovery and recycling of used resources. Fifth, we need to improve all facets of management, include the amount of energy and materials saved when compiling statistics on and evaluating economic and social development, and set up a system for releasing information on a regular basis. Beginning this year, the energy consumption per unit of output for all regions and major industries will be made public on an annual basis. Sixth, we need to carry out an extensive and long-term resource conservation campaign throughout the country to heighten public awareness of the need to conserve resources.

加快建设环境友好型社会。加强对水源、土地、森林、草原、海洋等自然资源的生态保护。重点搞好“三河三湖”（淮河海河辽河、太湖巢湖滇池）、南水北调水源及沿线、三峡库区、松花江等流域污染防治。大力推行清洁生产，加强工业废水治理工程建设。抓好大气污染防治和重点城市污水处理、生活垃圾无害化处理。综合防治农业面源污染和畜禽养殖污染。继续实施自然生态保护工程。抓紧建立生态补偿机制。强化环境和生态保护执法检查，健全环境保护的监测体系、评价考核和责任追究制度。

We will accelerate the development of an environment-friendly society. We will strengthen ecological protection of water sources, land, forests, grassland, oceans and other natural resources, with emphasis on preventing and treating pollution in the watersheds of the Huai, Hai, Liao and Songhua rivers, Tai, Chao and Dianchi lakes, and the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and at the sources and along the routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. In addition, we will promote clean production and develop projects for treating industrial waste water. We will work hard to prevent and control air pollution nationwide and increase the proportion of sewage treated and household refuse safely disposed of in key cities. We will take comprehensive measures to control rural pollution from non-point sources and pollution from livestock and poultry farming. We will continue projects to protect the natural environment. We will promptly create a mechanism for ecological compensation. We will strengthen law enforcement and improve inspections to monitor environmental and ecological protection. We will improve the systems for monitoring and evaluating environmental protection and for determining accountability for environmental problems.

（四）继续推动区域协调发展

4. Continuing to promote balanced development among regions

进一步推进西部大开发。着力支持重点地带、重点城市和重点产业加快发展。确保青藏铁路、三峡三期工程等一批重点工程建成投产，新开工一批重大建设项目。巩固和发展退耕还林、退牧还草成果，抓紧研究制定后续相关政策。继续实施天然林保护、风沙源和石漠化治理等生态工程。支持发展优势产业和建设特色资源加工基地。加快科技、教育发展。加大政策扶持和财政转移支付力度，加快建立长期稳定的西部开发资金渠道。

We will carry forward the development of the western region and give special support to the development of key areas, cities and industries there. We will ensure that ongoing major projects such as the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the third phase of the Three Gorges Project are completed and put into operation, and launch a number of major construction projects. We will consolidate and build upon proGREss made in returning cultivated land to forests and returning grazing land to grassland, and quickly adopt follow-up policies. We will continue ecological projects such as those for protecting virgin forests, bringing sources of dust storms under control and preventing the spread of stony deserts. We will support the development of competitive industries and bases for producing products distinctive to the area. We will speed up the development of science, technology and education. We need to intensify policy support and increase transfer payments to accelerate establishment of long-term, stable funding channels for developing the western region.

继续实施东北地区等老工业基地振兴战略。重点加强大型粮食基地建设，推进重点行业改革重组和技术改造。搞好资源枯竭型城市经济转型和采煤沉陷区治理、棚户区改造，抓紧研究建立资源开发补偿机制、衰退产业援助机制。做好部分城市和国有企业厂办大集体改革试点工作。认真落实扩大对外开放的政策措施，在加快改革开放中走出振兴的新路子。

We will continue to implement the strategy of rejuvenating northeast China and other old industrial bases. We will focus on developing large grain production bases, and on promoting reform, reorganization and technological upgrading in key industries. We need to successfully transform the economies of cities whose local natural resources have been exhausted, address the problem of sinkholes in coal mining areas, turn shantytowns into new housing areas, and promptly set up mechanisms to compensate for resource depletion and to aid declining industries. We will conduct pilot projects for reforming some collectively owned factories operated by state-owned enterprises and cities. We will fully implement policy measures for opening wider to the outside world and follow a new path of rejuvenation as we accelerate the reform and opening up process.

积极促进中部地区崛起。充分发挥中部区位、资源、产业和人才优势，重点加强现代农业特别是粮食主产区商品粮基地建设，加强能源和重要原材料基地建设，加强现代综合交通运输体系、现代流通体系和现代市场体系建设。支持老工业基地振兴和资源型城市转型，建设现代装备制造基地和高技术产业基地。增强中心城市辐射功能，带动周边地区发展。

We will energetically promote the rise of the central region. We will take full advantage of its strengths based on its geographical position, resources, industries and manpower. We will focus on developing modern agriculture, in particular developing commercial grain bases in major grain-producing areas, developing bases for producing energy and important raw materials, and developing a comprehensive modern transportation system, a modern retail distribution system and a modern market system. We will support the rejuvenation of old industrial bases and transformation of resource-dependent cities and develop bases for modern equipment manufacturing and high technology industries. We will give major cities a GREater role in stimulating the development of surrounding areas.

鼓励东部地区率先发展。着力增强自主创新能力，推进产业结构优化升级，增强国际竞争力和可持续发展能力，更加注重节约利用土地、水、能源等资源和环境保护，实现既快又好发展，在科学发展道路上走在全国前面。继续发挥经济特区、上海浦东新区的作用，推进天津滨海新区开发开放。

We will encourage the eastern region to lead the country in development. It should focus on improving international competitiveness, improve and upgrade its industrial structure and enhance its capacity for independent innovation and sustainable development. It needs to pay more attention to environmental protection and the economical use of land, water, energy and other resources, ensure that development is both fast and sound, and lead the country in scientific development. The special economic zones and the Pudong New Area of Shanghai should continue to play their proper role in stimulating development. We will promote the development and opening up of the Binhai New Area of Tianjin.

进一步支持革命老区、少数民族地区、边疆地区和贫困地区加快经济社会发展。加大对人口较少民族的扶持力度，推进兴边富民行动。发达地区要采取多种方式帮助和带动欠发达地区。

We will increase support to accelerate economic and social development in old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority regions, border areas, and poor areas. We will give more aid to ethnic groups with small populations and continue working to vitalize border areas and enrich the people living there. Developed regions should assist and stimulate the development of underdeveloped regions in various ways.

（五）实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略，加强文化建设

5. Implementing the strategy of reinvigorating China through science, education and human resources and promoting cultural proGREss

我国已进入必须更多地依靠科技进步和创新推动经济社会发展的历史阶段，要把加快科技发展放在更加突出的战略地位。要以建设创新型国家为目标，全面实施《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要》。抓紧启动一批重大科技专项和重点项目，集中力量在重点领域和关键环节取得突破。继续加强基础研究、前沿技术研究和社会公益性科技研究。建设国家重大科技基础设施和一批产业技术研发试验设施。加强国家创新体系建设。深化科技体制改革，有效整合全社会科技资源，促进科技成果向现实生产力转化。建立财政性科技投入稳定增长机制。今年中央财政安排科技投入716亿元，比上年增长19.2％，地方和企业也都要增加科技投入。要进一步繁荣和发展哲学社会科学，推动理论创新。

China has entered a stage in its history where it must increase its reliance on scientific and technological advances and innovation to drive social and economic development. Therefore, we must attach more strategic significance to accelerating scientific and technological development. We will fully implement the Outline of the National Program for Long- and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development to build an innovation-oriented country. We will work quickly to launch a number of major science and technology programs and key projects, focusing on making breakthroughs in key areas. We will continue to strengthen basic research and research in cutting-edge disciplines as well as research in technologies for public welfare applications. We will build major national science and technology infrastructure projects and laboratories for developing industrial technologies. We will strengthen the national innovation system. We will promote reform of the management system of science and technology, effectively coordinate the use of science and technology resources throughout society, and apply more scientific and technological advances in production. We will establish a mechanism to ensure stable growth of government investment in science and technology. This year the central government will allocate 71.6 billion yuan for investment in science and technology, a year-on-year increase of 19.2 percent. Local governments and enterprises also need to increase their investment in science and technology. We will further develop philosophy and the social sciences and break new ground in theoretical research.

要大力普及和巩固九年义务教育。从今年起用两年时间，全部免除农村义务教育阶段学生学杂费，今年在西部地区实施，明年扩大到中部和东部地区；继续对贫困家庭学生免费提供教科书并补助寄宿生生活费。将农村义务教育全面纳入国家财政保障范围，建立中央和地方分担的农村义务教育经费保障机制。主要是：提高农村义务教育阶段中小学公用经费保障水平，建立农村中小学校舍维修改造投入机制，完善农村中小学教师工资经费保障机制。为此，今后五年国家财政新增义务教育经费累计将达2182亿元。在全国农村普遍实行免除学杂费的义务教育，这是我国教育发展史上的一个重要里程碑，必将对全面提高国民素质产生重大而深远的影响。要解决城市低收入家庭和农民工子女义务教育阶段上学困难问题，让每个孩子都有平等接受义务教育的机会。继续扎实推进西部地区“两基”攻坚计划，确保到2007年如期实现计划目标。发展职业教育是一项重要而紧迫的任务，今后五年中央财政将投入100亿元支持职业教育发展。高等教育要创新教育教学模式和方法，着力提高教育质量，推进高水平大学和重点学科建设。各级各类学校都要全面推进素质教育。要培养一支德才兼备的教师队伍，造就一批杰出的教育家。

We need to work hard to make nine-year compulsory education more widely available and consolidate past proGREss. Over the next two years, we will completely eliminate tuition and miscellaneous fees for all rural students receiving compulsory education. This will be done in the western region this year and extended to the central and eastern regions next year. We will also continue to provide free textbooks to students from poor families and living allowances to poor students residing on campus. Expenditures for rural compulsory education will be fully incorporated into the central and local government budgets, and a mechanism to guarantee funding for rural compulsory education through a combination of allocations from the central and local governments will be established. The main measures we will adopt are: raising the level of budgetary guarantees for common expenditures for compulsory education in both rural primary and secondary schools, setting up a mechanism to fund repair and renovation of rural primary and secondary school buildings, and improving the mechanism for guaranteeing payment of primary and secondary school teachers' salaries. To fund these measures, central government budget expenditures for compulsory education will increase by 218.2 billion yuan over the next five years. Elimination of tuition and miscellaneous fees for compulsory education in all rural areas is an important milestone in the history of the development of education in China, and it is bound to have a far-reaching impact on raising the overall quality of the people of China. We also need to solve the problems the children of low-income urban families and rural families working in cities have in receiving a nine-year compulsory education to ensure that all children have access to compulsory education. We will continue to carry out the plan to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal and to basically eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults in the western region, and ensure that the plan's target s are met by 2007 as scheduled. Developing vocational education is an important and pressing task, for which 10 billion yuan will be appropriated from the central government budget over the next five years. We will make innovations in education and in instruction models and methods in higher education, strive to improve the quality of university teaching, and promote the development of more leading universities and key disciplines. All schools need to comprehensively promote education that ensures the well-rounded development of students. We will enhance the political integrity and professional competence of teachers and train large numbers of outstanding educators.

实施人才强国战略，加强人才队伍建设。要多渠道增加对人力资源开发的投入，推进市场配置人才资源，规范人才市场管理。

We will follow the strategy of reinvigorating the country through human resources and intensify development of a well-trained workforce. We will increase funding for human resource development through various sources, strengthen the role of market forces in allocating human resources, and standardize management of the human resource market.

加强社会主义文化建设。抓好理想信念教育，特别是青少年的思想道德教育。深入开展群众性精神文明创建活动。深化文化体制改革，发展文化事业和文化产业。加强文化基础设施建设尤其是农村基层文化建设，完善公共文化服务体系。繁荣文学艺术、广播影视、新闻出版事业。加强文化遗产和自然遗产保护。大力扶持民族文化艺术，扩大国际文化交流。加强文化市场管理，坚持开展“扫黄打非”。广泛开展全民健身运动，提高竞技体育水平。继续做好北京奥运会和上海世博会筹办工作。

We will intensify development of socialist culture. We need to do a good job cultivating ideals and ethics, particularly among young people. We will carry out extensive public activities to promote cultural and ethical proGREss. We will deepen reform of the cultural system and develop cultural undertakings and cultural industries. We will strengthen efforts to build cultural facilities, paying particular attention to cultural development at the local level in rural areas, and improve the system of culture-related services for the public. We will strongly support social programs in literature, art, radio and television, film, mass media, and publishing. We will strengthen the protection of cultural and natural heritage sites. We will vigorously support folk culture and art and increase cultural exchanges with other countries. We will improve management of the culture market and steadfastly fight against pornography and illegal publications. We will launch extensive fitness programs for the general public and raise the level of competitive sports. We will continue to do a good job preparing for the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing and the 2010 World Exposition in Shanghai.

（六）进一步推进改革开放

6. Pressing ahead with reform and opening up

改革开放是决定中国命运的重大决策。当前改革正处于攻坚阶段，必须以更大的决心加快推进各项改革。今年一些关系全局的重大体制改革要取得新进展。

The decision to implement the reform and opening up policy constitutes a major policy decision bearing on the destiny of our country. Reform is now going through a very difficult period, and we must strengthen our resolve to accelerate all reforms and continue making proGREss in major reforms having an overall impact this year.

要认真贯彻《中华人民共和国公司法》，加快国有大型企业股份制改革。着力完善产权结构、公司治理结构和激励约束机制，加快形成一批具有国际竞争力的大公司大企业集团。加大国有独资企业和垄断行业的改革力度，放宽市场准入，推进投资主体和产权多元化。完善国有资产监管体制，健全国有资本经营预算制度、经营业绩考核体系和国有资产重大损失责任追究制度。规范国有企业改制和产权转让行为，防止国有资产流失，维护职工合法权益。推进集体企业改革和发展。认真落实鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展的政策措施，进一步为各类所有制企业创造公平竞争的法治环境、政策环境和市场环境。

We need to implement the Company Law of the People's Republic of China and accelerate introduction of the shareholding system in large state-owned enterprises. We will improve their ownership structure, corporate governance, and corporate incentive and restraint mechanisms, and speed up the formation of a number of large companies and enterprise groups that are internationally competitive. We will intensify reform of wholly state-funded enterprises and monopoly industries, ease market access, and encourage investment from various sources and diversified ownership. We will strengthen the oversight system for state assets by establishing a sound operating and budget system for state capital, a sound performance evaluation system and a sound system for assigning responsibility for major losses of state assets. We will standardize the process of changing the corporate structure and transferring ownership of state-owned enterprises to prevent loss of state assets and protect the lawful rights and interests of their employees. We will promote reform and development of collectively owned enterprises. We will conscientiously implement policy measures to encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector and continue working to create a legal, policy and market environment that ensures fair competition for all enterprises regardless of their type of ownership.

要加快金融体制改革。一是坚定不移地推进国有商业银行股份制改革。坚持国家绝对控股，改善产权结构，引进借鉴国外先进管理经验，规范公司治理结构，完善内控机制与管理制度，推进制度创新。二是大力发展资本市场。认真贯彻《中华人民共和国证券法》，切实加强证券市场基础性制度建设。要着力提高上市公司质量，继续搞好证券公司综合治理，依法强化市场监管，努力营造公开、公正、公平、透明的市场环境。继续推进上市公司股权分置改革。积极稳妥地发展债券市场和期货市场。三是深化农村金融改革。完善农村信用社体制，推进农业银行、农业发展银行改革，加快农村金融创新，健全农村金融体系，改进农村金融服务。同时，要深化保险业改革，拓宽服务领域；推进政策性银行、邮政储蓄机构等其他金融机构改革。加强和改进金融监管，强化银行资本充足率约束。依法严厉打击金融领域的违法犯罪行为，防范系统性金融风险，维护金融稳定和安全。

We will accelerate reform of the financial system. First, we will firmly press ahead with the shareholding reform of state-owned commercial banks. While keeping a controlling share in the state's hands, we will work to improve the banks' ownership structure. We will introduce advanced foreign management practices, standardize corporate governance, improve internal control and management, and promote structural innovations. Second, we will vigorously develop the capital market. We will enforce the Securities Law of the People's Republic of China and take steps to effectively strengthen the structural foundation of the securities market. We will work hard to improve the performance of listed companies, continue to do a good job in overall regulation of securities companies, and enhance market supervision in accordance with the law to create an open, just, fair and transparent market environment. We will continue to reform the shareholder structure of listed companies. We will energetically yet steadily develop the market for bonds and futures. Third, we will deepen financial reforms in rural areas. We will improve the system of rural credit cooperatives, carry out reform of the Agricultural Bank of China and the Agricultural Development Bank of China and increase the pace of innovation in banking and finance in rural areas to improve the banking system and financial services there. In addition, we will deepen the reform of the insurance industry and expand the scope of allowed activities, and promote reform of policy banks, postal savings institutions and other financial institutions. We will work to strengthen and improve financial oversight and strengthen capital requirements for banks. We will rigorously prosecute parties committing illegal and criminal acts in the financial sector in accordance with the law, guard against general financial risks, and work to maintain financial stability and security.

要深化财税、投资、价格改革。财政体制改革的重点，是健全公共财政体系，完善转移支付制度，实施政府收支分类改革，完善预算管理制度。积极推进增值税转型改革。调整和完善资源税。研究统一各类企业税收制度。投资体制改革的重点，是落实投资主体的自主权和风险承担机制，改进项目核准和备案制度，加强产业投资信息发布，完善并认真执行市场准入制度，健全投资宏观调控体系。价格改革的重点，是逐步理顺和完善资源性产品和要素价格形成机制，改革要兼顾各方面的利益，尤其要考虑低收入群众的基本生活。

We will deepen reform of the fiscal, tax, investment and pricing systems. Fiscal reform will focus on improving the public finance system, transfer payment system and budget management system, and implementing reform of the classification of government revenue and expenditures. We will vigorously proceed with VAT reform and adjust the resource tax. We will study how to create a unified tax system covering all types of enterprises. Reform of the investment system will focus on implementing a system that grants independence in investment coupled with responsibility for risk, improving the system of project approval and record-keeping, releasing more investment information, improving and implementing market access rules, and improving macroeconomic regulation of investment. In pricing reform, we will focus on gradually streamlining and improving the pricing mechanism for resource products and related factors of production. In doing so, we need to take into account the interests of all parties and pay particular attention to the needs of low-income people.

继续深入整顿和规范市场秩序。要强化市场法治，加快社会信用体系建设。依法严惩制假售假、商业欺诈、走私贩私、偷逃骗税、金融证券犯罪和侵犯知识产权等行为。坚决打击传销和变相传销活动。集中力量开展食品安全专项整治，严把市场准入关，加强生产和流通全过程的监管，让人民群众吃上安全、放心的食品。

We will continue working to improve and standardize market order. We will improve market legislation and accelerate development of a credit system for the general public. We will severely punish, in accordance with the law, parties who engage in production and sale of counterfeit goods, commercial fraud, smuggling and selling of smuggled goods, tax evasion and tax fraud, financial and securities crimes, and violations of intellectual property rights. We will resolutely prosecute people involved in pyramid schemes, including ones in disguised forms. We will pool our resources to launch special campaigns to promote food safety, strictly control market access for food products, and strengthen oversight and management of the entire production and distribution process to assure the people of the safety of the food supply.

进一步扩大对外开放，更好地利用国内国外两个市场、两种资源。要转变贸易增长方式，注重优化进出口结构，努力改善进出口不平衡状况。支持具有自主知识产权、自主品牌、高附加值的产品和服务产品出口，继续控制高耗能、高污染和资源性产品出口。推动加工贸易转型升级和合理布局。适当扩大进口，增加先进技术、关键设备和国内短缺资源进口。继续积极有效利用外资，着力提高利用外资质量。扩大服务领域对外开放。支持有条件的企业“走出去”，按照国际通行规则对外投资和跨国经营，在境外建立加工基地、营销服务网络和研发机构。建立政策支持和服务体系，完善境外投资协调机制和风险控制机制。

We will open still wider to the outside world and make better use of domestic and international markets and resources. We need to change the pattern of growth of foreign trade, improve the mix of imports and exports, and correct the imbalance between imports and exports. We will support the export of service products and high value-added products with Chinese intellectual property rights and trademarks and continue to control the export of highly polluting products, resource products and products that consume excessive quantities of energy. We will speed up the process of upgrading the processing trade and improving the geographical distribution of the processing trade industry. Imports will be expanded by a suitable amount, particularly imports of advanced technology, key equipment and resources that China lacks. We will continue to make energetic and effective use of foreign capital and strive to improve its performance. We will further open the service sector to foreign competition. We will support qualified enterprises in going global, making overseas investments, conducting international business in conformance with general international practices, and establishing processing centers, marketing and service networks and R&D centers in other countries. We will institute a policy support and service system and improve the mechanisms for coordinating overseas investment and risk management.

今年，我国加入世贸组织过渡期将基本结束，要增强做好各项应对工作的紧迫感。进一步完善涉外经济管理体制和机制，提高贸易和投资便利化水平。运用世贸组织规则，支持重点产业提高抗风险能力和国际竞争力。健全应对贸易争端的有效机制，妥善处理贸易摩擦。有步骤、有重点地推进区域经济合作和自由贸易区谈判。在世贸组织新一轮谈判中发挥建设性作用。

Since the transitional period for China's accession to the WTO will basically end this year, we need to heighten our sense of urgency to be sure we complete all related work. We will improve the system and mechanisms for managing foreign economic activities to better facilitate trade and investment. We will make use of WTO rules to make key sectors more risk-resistant and more competitive internationally. We will make the mechanism for dealing with trade disputes more efficient and handle trade frictions properly. We will carry out negotiations on regional economic cooperation and free trade zones in a step-by-step and focused manner. We will play a constructive role in the new round of WTO talks.

（七）高度重视解决涉及群众切身利益的问题

7. Paying close attention to solving problems related to the vital interests of the people

我们要牢记执政为民的宗旨，坚持一切为了人民。要抓紧解决广大群众最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题，尤其要切实做好就业、社保、医疗、安全生产等工作。

We must always keep in mind our obligation to run the government for the people and do everything for their benefit. We need to promptly solve practical problems concerning public interests that the people are most concerned about and that affect them most directly. In particular, we must do a good job in work related to employment, social security, medical care and production safety.

继续实施积极的就业政策，千方百计扩大就业。进一步解决体制转轨遗留的下岗失业人员再就业问题和重组改制、关闭破产企业的职工安置问题。国有企业下岗失业人员再就业扶持政策再延长三年，并根据各地实际将适用范围逐步扩大到城镇集体企业下岗职工。加大对军工、森工等困难行业下岗职工再就业的支持力度。中央财政今年安排再就业补助资金251亿元，比上年增加42亿元。地方财政也要增加这方面的投入。重视做好高等学校毕业生就业、退役军人的安置工作，搞好城镇新增劳动力和进城农民工就业工作。加强职业培训和就业服务体系建设。切实维护劳动者的合法权益。

We will continue to follow the policy of expanding employment and do everything possible to do so. We will continue to create jobs for workers laid off because of economic transformation or because of enterprise reorganization, restructuring, closure or bankruptcy. Policies to support reemployment of employees laid off from state-owned enterprises will be extended for another three years, and coverage will be gradually extended to employees laid off from collectively owned urban enterprises where local conditions permit. More support will be given to the reemployment of workers laid off from the defense industry, the logging industry and other industries experiencing difficulties. A total of 25.1 billion yuan will be allocated from the central government budget this year for reemployment work, 4.2 billion yuan more than last year. Local governments should also increase budgetary allocations for this work. We will pay close attention to helping university graduates find jobs and helping demobilized army personnel return to civilian life, and we will create more jobs for urban residents entering the job market for the first time and for rural laborers coming to cities to find jobs. We will improve vocational training and employment services. We will effectively protect the lawful rights and interests of workers.

加快推进社会保障体系建设。切实保证各项社会保险金的及时支付。完善城镇职工基本养老保险制度，搞好做实个人账户试点工作，扩大试点范围；改革养老金计发办法，建立参保缴费的激励约束机制。提高各类所有制企业的参保率，统一城镇个体工商户和灵活就业人员的参保办法，扩大社会保险覆盖范围。加大社会保险费征缴和基金监管力度，多渠道筹集社会保障基金。同时，加强城镇职工基本医疗保险和失业、工伤、生育保险制度建设。继续完善城市低保制度。研究制定机关事业单位养老保险制度改革方案。研究适合农民工特点的社会保障办法。完善农村“五保户”供养、特困户救助、灾民救济等制度，增加资金支持并适当提高救助标准。有条件的地方要探索建立农村居民最低生活保障制度。各地都要加快城乡特殊困难群众社会救助体系建设。加强防灾减灾救灾工作。加大扶贫投入和工作力度，进一步减少贫困人口。落实军烈属优抚政策。积极发展社会福利事业和慈善事业，开展多种形式的捐助和帮扶活动。要使失去父母的儿童、没有生活来源的老人和残疾人，得到更多的关爱和帮助，让他们感受到社会主义大家庭的温暖。

We will speed up development of the social security system. We will ensure that all social security benefits are paid on time. We will improve the system of basic old-age insurance for urban workers. We will do a good job in the pilot project to properly set up individual retirement accounts and expand the trials to more areas. We will reform the way old-age pensions are calculated and paid, and introduce incentive and restraint mechanisms to encourage more people to participate in old-age insurance programs. We will extend coverage of social security programs to more employees of enterprises under all forms of ownership and to self-employed people and people without fixed employment in urban areas. We will strengthen collection of social security contributions, strengthen oversight and management of collected funds, and raise social security funds through a variety of channels. In addition, we will step up development of the basic medical, unemployment, workers' compensation and maternity insurance systems for urban residents and continue to improve the system of urban subsistence allowances. We will work out a plan for reforming the old-age insurance system in government bodies and institutions. We will work out social security measures suitable for rural migrant workers. We will improve the system for providing food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses for childless and infirm rural residents, the system for providing assistance to families in extreme poverty and the system for providing relief to disaster victims by increasing financial support and appropriately raising the level of assistance. Governments in localities where conditions permit need to look for ways to set up a system of subsistence allowances for rural residents. All local governments need to accelerate development of community-based relief systems for urban and rural residents with special needs. We will improve the work of preventing, reducing and responding to disasters. We will intensify poverty alleviation work and increase investment init to further reduce the number of people living in poverty. Preferential treatment will be given to the families of revolutionary martyrs and military personnel. We will continue to develop public welfare and charity programs and undertake various activities to solicit public contributions and participation. We must make sure that orphaned children and elderly and disabled persons with no source of income receive more care and assistance so they may experience the warmth of our large socialist family.??

突出抓好医疗卫生工作。着眼于逐步解决群众看病难、看病贵问题，主要抓好三个方面：一是加快农村医疗卫生服务体系建设。启动《农村卫生服务体系建设与发展规划》，健全县、乡、村三级医疗卫生服务体系和网络；五年内国家财政将投入200多亿元，对乡镇卫生院和部分县医院房屋和设备进行改造。加快推进新型农村合作医疗制度建设，今年把试点范围扩大到全国40%的县，中央和地方财政对参加合作医疗农民的补助标准由20元提高到40元，中央财政为此将增加支出42亿元。到2008年，要在全国农村基本建立新型合作医疗制度和医疗救助制度。实行城市医疗卫生人员定期到农村服务的制度。二是大力发展城市社区卫生服务。要通过调整城市医疗卫生资源、加大政府投入、加强人才培养、完善服务功能、推进机制创新等措施，加快构建以社区为基础的新型城市医疗卫生服务体系。将符合条件的社区卫生服务机构纳入城镇基本医疗保险定点范围，实行社区首诊制度试点，逐步实现小病不出社区、大病才上医院。探索建立城市医疗救助制度。三是深化医疗卫生体制改革，深入整顿和规范医疗服务、药品生产流通秩序。加强对药品、医疗服务的价格监管。规范医院、医生的医疗和用药行为，加强医德医风建设，提高医疗服务质量，控制医药费用。要支持中医药事业发展，充分发挥中医药在防病治病中的重要作用。加强严重危害人民群众健康的重大疾病预防工作，认真落实艾滋病、结核病、血吸虫病等重大传染病防治措施。高度重视防控人感染高致病性禽流感工作。

We will give a high priority to medical and health care work. We will concentrate on the following three areas to gradually resolve the lack of adequate and affordable medical services. First is to speed up the development of a rural medical and healthcare system. We will launch the Program for Establishing and Developing a Rural Health Care Service System to improve the system and network of medical and health care that spans the three levels of county, township and village. The state will spend more than 20 billion yuan over the next five years on renovating hospital buildings in towns and townships and in some counties and upgrading their equipment. We will speed up the establishment of a new type of rural cooperative medical care system by extending the scope of current trials to 40 percent of the counties in China this year and by increasing the allowances paid by the central and local governments to farmers participating in the system from 20 yuan to 40 yuan. An additional 4.2 billion yuan will be allocated from the central government budget for this program. By 2008, this new system and a rural medical assistance system should be basically in place in all rural areas. We will regularly send urban medical personnel to work in rural health facilities. Second is to strengthen urban community health services. We will accelerate the establishment of a new type of community-based system of urban medical and health care services by redirecting urban medical and health resources, increasing government spending, providing more training, improving services, and promoting innovations in mechanisms. Qualified community health care clinics will be included in the urban basic medical insurance program, and we will carry out pilot projects to gradually make community clinics the first option in medical treatment for minor medical problems, leaving hospitals free to treat only more serious problems. We will explore ways to set up an urban medical assistance system. Third is to deepen reform of the medical care and health service system and fully restore and standardize order in medical services and the production and marketing of medicines.We will improve oversight and management of prices for medicines and medical services. We will standardize the medical practices of hospitals and doctors and the way they prescribe drugs, and ensure that medical ethics and the medical code of conduct are strictly observed to improve medical services and control medical costs. We will support the development of traditional Chinese medicine and make full use of it in preventing and treating diseases. We will also intensify prevention of serious diseases that endanger the health of the general public and implement measures to prevent and control major communicable diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis and snail fever. We will give a high priority to preventing and controlling the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza to humans.

稳定现行生育政策和低生育水平，提高出生人口质量，有效治理出生人口性别比偏高的问题。扩大农村计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度的覆盖面和西部地区“少生快富工程”的实施范围。重视做好老龄工作。保障妇女儿童权益。积极发展残疾人事业。

We will maintain consistency in the current policy on family planning, keep the birthrate low, improve the health of newborns and take effective steps to correct the gender imbalance in newborns. We will extend the system for rewarding and supporting rural families that observe the family planning policy to more areas and expand the "Fewer Children Equals Faster Prosperity Project" in the western region. We will do a good job in work related to the elderly, protect the rights and interests of women and children, and launch more programs to help disabled persons.

切实加强安全生产工作。安全生产责任重于泰山，经济发展必须建立在安全生产的基础上。近几年，我们在安全生产方面采取了一系列措施，取得了一定成效。但是，问题还很突出。主要原因是：安全措施没有真正落实，企业安全主体责任不到位，生产安全设施设备落后；煤炭需求过旺，生产和运输绷得过紧；企业基础工作薄弱，管理松弛，有的严重违法违规生产。一些地方领导干部和工作人员严重失职渎职，甚至徇私舞弊。

We will continue to improve production safety. Ensuring production safety is a huge responsibility. We must not compromise production safety for the sake of economic development. We have adopted many measures in recent years to improve production safety, and safety has improved somewhat. However, it remains a major problem. The main reasons for this are: Production safety measures have not been truly implemented; enterprises do not take full responsibility for production safety; production safety equipment and facilities are backward; overheated demand for coal is straining both production and transportation facilities; basic safety work in enterprises is weak; and some enterprises commit serious violations of laws and regulations concerning production. In addition, some local officials and government employees commit serious neglect or dereliction of duty, and some go so far as to engage in corruption.

加强安全生产必须标本兼治、重在治本。第一，各级政府要把安全生产摆在更加重要的位置，主要领导亲自抓、负总责，强化企业安全生产主体责任，层层落实安全生产责任制。第二，实行有利于安全生产的经济政策。健全激励和约束机制，促进企业重视安全生产。第三，加快煤炭等行业改革重组步伐。加强大型煤炭基地建设，鼓励大型煤炭企业集团兼并改造中小煤矿。第四，加大安全生产投入。国家今年再安排30亿元国债资金，重点支持煤矿瓦斯综合治理和利用的科技攻关试点工程。地方和企业也要加大这方面的投入。第五，深入开展安全生产专项整治。继续打好煤矿瓦斯治理和矿山整顿两个攻坚战。同时，要抓好其他矿山、危险化学品、烟花爆竹、道路和水上交通、建筑施工、消防安全等专项整治。第六，强化企业管理。加强企业安全生产基础工作，完善安全生产技术规范和质量工作标准。加强安全技术人才培养和职工安全技能培训。充分发挥职工群众对安全生产的参与和监督作用。第七，加强安全生产法制建设。尤其要严格执法和监管。加大安全生产事故责任追究和处罚力度。严肃查处安全生产领域的失职渎职和腐败问题。通过采取综合措施，坚决遏制重特大事故频发的势头。

The key to improving production safety lies in addressing both symptoms and root causes of safety problems, with the focus on the latter. First, governments at all levels must give GREater priority to production safety, and leading government officials must personally take overall responsibility for safety, give enterprises greater responsibility for production safety, and ensure that the responsibility system for production safety is practiced at every level. Second, we will implement economic policies that encourage safe production. We will improve the system of incentives and restraints to encourage enterprises to take production safety more seriously. Third, we will accelerate reform and reorganization of the coal industry to promote the establishment of large coal mining bases by encouraging larger coal mining enterprise groups to take over and upgrade small and medium-sized coal mines. Fourth, we will invest more in production safety. The central government will again allocate 3 billion yuan from the sale of treasury bonds this year, primarily to support pilot projects to find scientific and technological ways to comprehensively control and utilize coalmine gases. Local governments and coal enterprises also need to invest more in this area. Fifth, we will launch an extensive campaign to solve production safety problems. We will continue to work to bring coalmine gases under control and to remedy safety problems in coal mines. In addition, we will also address safety problems related to other types of mines, dangerous chemicals, fireworks, land and water transportation, construction, and fire prevention. Sixth, we will improve enterprise management. We will improve basic safety work in enterprises and improve technical and quality standards for production safety. We will increase training of production safety technicians and training of all enterprise employees in production safety techniques. We will make sure that employees play their role in strengthening and overseeing production safety. Seventh, we will improve legislation concerning production safety. We will strictly enforce the law and exercise strict supervision. We will increase efforts to identify the parties responsible for production accidents and prosecute them. We will conduct in-depth investigations into cases of dereliction of duty and corruption related to production safety and severely punish the responsible parties. We will adopt comprehensive measures to firmly halt the frequent occurrence of major incidents.

（八）加强民主政治建设和维护社会稳定

8. Strengthening democracy and safeguarding social stability

我们要巩固和发展民主团结、生动活泼、安定和谐的政治局面。健全民主制度，丰富民主形式，扩大公民有序的政治参与，保证人民依法实行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督。全面推进依法行政，加强和改进政府立法工作，重点加强节约资源、保护生态环境、就业和社会保障、应对和处置突发公共事件、促进社会稳定、维护市场秩序等方面的立法。完善公众参与立法的机制、程序和方法。积极开展法律法规实施的跟踪检查。继续强化审计、监察等专项监督。深入开展普法教育。做好法律服务和法律援助工作，为困难群众打官司提供有效帮助。落实司法体制改革各项措施，进一步规范执法行为，促进司法公正，维护司法权威，实现严格、公正、文明执法。

We need to consolidate and develop the current political situation of democracy, solidarity, liveliness, stability and harmony. We will improve the democratic system, enrich the forms of democracy, expand orderly citizen participation in politics, and guarantee that the people are able to participate in democratic elections, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic oversight in accordance with the law. We will promote law-based government administration and strengthen and improve legislative work, focusing on legislation concerning resource conservation, environmental protection, employment, social security, response to public emergencies, promotion of social stability and maintenance of market order. We will improve the mechanisms, procedures and methods for public participation in legislative work. We will do follow-up investigations on the implementation of laws and regulations. We will continue to strengthen auditing and oversight work. Education in the law will be further expanded. We will provide effective legal services and assistance to help people who cannot afford the costs of filing a lawsuit. We will implement a variety of measures for judicial restructuring to further standardize law enforcement activities and promote GREater fairness in the judiciary, safeguard judicial authority, and make law enforcement strict, fair and civilized.

高度重视社会稳定工作，广泛深入推进平安建设。正确处理新时期社会矛盾，认真落实涉及群众利益的各项政策。重视解决群众反映的问题，及时化解矛盾。做好信访工作。加强和巩固基层政权，推进和谐社区、和谐村镇建设。完善社会稳定预警体系和应急处理机制。搞好社会治安综合治理，加快建设社会治安防控体系，依法严厉打击严重暴力性犯罪、经济犯罪和盗窃、抢劫等多发性侵财犯罪。加强国家安全工作。

We will pay close attention to social stability and make extensive and thorough going efforts to promote peace and security. We will correctly handle conflicts of interest in society in the new period and conscientiously implement all policies affecting the people's interests. We will pay particular attention to solving problems reported by the people and resolving conflicts of interest in society as they arise. We will do a good job handling people's petitions made via letters and visits. We will improve and consolidate government authority at the township level and ensure harmony in communities, villages and towns. We will improve the early warning system for disturbances to social stability and the emergency response mechanism. We will improve all facets of public security, speed up the development of a crime prevention and control system, and rigorously prosecute people who engage in violent and economic crimes, and frequently occurring crimes against property such as theft and robbery, in accordance with the law. We will strengthen efforts to safeguard national security.

加强民族团结、维护祖国统一和社会稳定，是全国各族人民的共同愿望。要全面贯彻民族政策和有关法律法规，认真落实国务院颁布的实施民族区域自治法若干规定，促进各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展。大力培养少数民族干部和各方面人才。贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针，提高依法管理宗教事务的能力。进一步做好新形势下的侨务工作。

It is the common wish of the people of all our ethnic groups to strengthen solidarity among ethnic groups and maintain national unity and social stability. We must fully implement the policies, laws, and regulations on ethnic minorities, conscientiously follow the State Council's regulations for implementing the Law on the Autonomy of Ethnic Minority Regions, and encourage all ethnic groups to join hands and work together for common prosperity and development. We will make GREat efforts to train officials and professionals in various fields from among ethnic minority groups. We will implement the Party's basic principles for work related to religious affairs and become better able to administer these affairs in accordance with the law. We will further improve our work related to overseas Chinese affairs under the new circumstances.

各位代表！

Fellow Deputies,

加强国防和军队建设，是社会主义现代化建设的重要战略任务。坚持以毛泽东军事思想、邓小平新时期军队建设思想、江泽民国防和军队建设思想为指导，坚持把科学发展观作为加强国防和军队建设的重要指导方针，坚持党对军队绝对领导的根本原则和制度，着眼于有效履行新世纪新阶段军队的历史使命，加速推进中国特色军事变革，提高军队信息化条件下的整体防卫作战能力。狠抓军事训练，培养高素质军事人才。深化后勤建设和改革。加强国防科研和高新技术武器装备研制。坚持从严治军，依法治军，提高军队正规化水平。全面加强人民武装警察部队建设，增强执勤和处置突发事件的能力。完善国防动员体制机制，注重民兵预备役部队质量建设。深入开展“双拥”活动，巩固和发展军政军民团结。

Strengthening national defense and the army is an important strategic task in China's socialist modernization drive. We must continue to take as our guide Mao Zedong's military thinking, Deng Xiaoping's thinking on improving the army in the new period, and Jiang Zemin's thinking on national defense and improving the army; take a scientific outlook on development as an important guiding principle for strengthening national defense and the army; and adhere to the fundamental principle and system of the absolute leadership of the Party over the army. In order to ensure that the army can effectively carry out its historical mission at the new stage in the new century, we need to speed up the military reform with Chinese characteristics and raise the army's overall ability to fight a defensive war fought using IT. We will pay special attention to military training to produce highly skilled military personnel. We will intensify efforts to develop and reform the military logistics system. We will improve defense-related research and development of new- and high-tech weapons and equipment. We will continue to run the army strictly in accordance with the law and raise its level of standardization. We will improve all aspects of the People's Armed Police to make it better able to enforce the law and respond to emergencies. We will improve the system and mechanisms for national defense mobilization, focusing on raising the quality of the militia and reserve forces. We will launch an extensive campaign to promote mutual support between the military and civilians. We will strengthen and develop solidarity between the army and the government and between the army and civilians.

各位代表！

Fellow Deputies,

我们要继续贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，严格按照特别行政区基本法办事，全力支持香港、澳门两个特别行政区行政长官和政府依法施政。继续实施内地与香港、澳门更紧密经贸关系安排，进一步加强和推动内地同港澳在经贸、科教、文化、卫生、体育等领域的交流和合作。我们坚信，香港、澳门一定能够保持长期繁荣稳定。

We will continue to uphold the principle of "one country, two systems," under which Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong and Macao people administer Macao with a high deGREe of autonomy. We will strictly comply with the basic laws of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and give our full support to their chief executives and governments in administering the regions in accordance with the law. We will continue to implement the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement the mainland has with Hong Kong and Macao and increase exchanges and cooperation between the mainland and the two of them in matters of the economy, trade, science and technology, education, culture, health and sports. We firmly believe that Hong Kong and Macao will remain prosperous and stable for a long time to come.

我们坚持“和平统一、一国两制”的基本方针和现阶段发展两岸关系、推动祖国和平统一进程的八项主张，坚持一个中国原则决不动摇、争取和平统一的努力决不放弃、贯彻寄希望于台湾人民的方针决不改变、反对“台独”分裂活动决不妥协。我们将继续和台湾同胞一道，促进两岸人员往来和经济、科技、文化交流与合作，构建和平稳定的两岸关系。

We adhere to the basic principles of "peaceful reunification" and "one country, two systems" and the eight-point proposal for developing cross-Straits relations and promoting China's peaceful reunification under the present circumstances. We will unswervingly uphold the one-China principle and never give up our efforts to achieve peaceful reunification. We will never change the principle of placing our hopes on the people of Taiwan. We will uncompromisingly oppose secessionist activities aimed at Taiwan independence. We will continue working with Taiwan compatriots to facilitate visits by individuals, promote economic, scientific, technological, and cultural exchanges and cooperation, and establish peaceful and stable cross-Straits relations.

我们将努力争取在一个中国原则基础上恢复两岸对话与谈判；推动全面、直接、双向“三通”进程；支持海峡西岸和其他台商投资相对集中地区的经济发展；依法保障台湾同胞正当权益，竭诚为台湾同胞服务。两岸关系朝着和平稳定、互利共赢方向发展是人心所向，任何人妄图破坏这种大趋势是注定要失败的。最终完成祖国统一大业是全体中国人的共同愿望，是任何人都阻挡不了的。

We will strive to resume dialogue and negotiation between the two sides under the one-China principle and promote resumption of direct links for postal, air and shipping services and trade on a comprehensive, direct and two-way basis. We will support economic development on the west shore of the Taiwan Straits in Fujian and in other areas where Taiwan investment is concentrated, protect the legitimate rights and interests of our Taiwan compatriots in accordance with the law, and serve them whole heartedly. Everyone wants cross-Straits relations to be peaceful and stable and develop to the mutual benefit of both sides. Anyone who tries to reverse this major trend will most certainly fail. It is the common wish of all Chinese people to see the ultimate realization of the GREat cause of national reunification, a process that no one can stop.

各位代表！

Fellow Deputies,

一年来，我们高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，坚持奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，维护国家和人民的根本利益，发展同世界各国的友好与互利合作关系，为维护世界和平、促进共同发展作出了贡献。

Over the last year we held high the banner of peace, development and cooperation and continued to follow an independent foreign policy of peace. We safeguarded the fundamental interests of China and its people, developed friendly ties and mutually beneficial cooperation with foreign countries, and contributed to common development and the safeguarding of world peace.

新的一年，我们将继续坚定不移地走和平发展道路。在国际事务中，坚持民主公正，推进协调合作；坚持和睦互信，维护共同安全；坚持平等互利，促进共同繁荣；坚持开放包容，推动文明对话，积极促进国际秩序向公正合理方向发展。

This year we will unswervingly continue to take a road of peaceful development. In international affairs, we will continue to advocate democracy and justice and promote coordination and cooperation. We will continue to safeguard security for all on the basis of harmony and mutual trust and promote common prosperity on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. China will continue to be open-minded and inclusive, promote dialogue between civilizations, and work to make the international order more just and equitable.

我们要在和平共处五项原则基础上加强全方位外交。巩固和加强同广大发展中国家的友好合作。坚持与邻为善、以邻为伴的周边外交方针，推动区域合作机制建设，把务实合作上升到新水平。扩大同发达国家的共同利益，妥善处理分歧，推进交流与合作。积极参与和开展多边外交，在国际和地区事务中发挥建设性作用。扩大和深化对外文化交流，增进同世界各国人民之间的了解与友谊。保护我国公民和法人在海外的合法权益。中国政府和人民愿与世界各国人民一道，为建立和平、公正、和谐的新世界而不懈奋斗！

We will strengthen China's diplomacy in all areas on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. We will consolidate and strengthen friendly cooperation with other developing countries. We will adhere to our foreign policy of friendship and partnership with our neighbors, promote the formation of a mechanism for regional cooperation, and take cooperation in practical matters with our neighbors to a new high. We will expand common interests with developed countries, deal with differences appropriately, and promote exchange and cooperation with them. We will actively participate in and initiate multilateral diplomacy and play a constructive role in international and regional affairs. We will expand and intensify cultural exchanges with other countries to increase understanding and friendship between our peoples. We will protect the lawful rights and interests of Chinese nationals and corporations overseas. The Chinese government and people will work tirelessly with the people of all other nations for a peaceful, just and harmonious new world.

三、关于《国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要（草案）》的说明

III. Explanation of the Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development (Draft)

党的十六届五中全会通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划的建议》，提出了未来五年国民经济和社会发展的奋斗目标、指导方针和主要任务。根据《建议》精神，国务院制定了《国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要（草案）》，已提请大会审查。下面，我就几个问题作简要说明。

The Proposal of the CPC Central Committee for Formulating the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, adopted at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee, sets forth the objectives, guiding principles and main tasks for China's economic and social development for the next five years. On the basis of the Proposal, the State Council prepared the Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development (draft), which has been submitted to this session for your examination and approval. I would now like to briefly go over several points.

（一）“十一五”规划《纲要（草案）》的编制过程和主要特点

1. The compilation process and major features of the Outline (draft)

党中央、国务院对制定“十一五”规划工作高度重视。早在2003年7月，国务院就开始部署相关准备工作。组织有关部门、地方、研究机构和各方面专家，对经济社会发展面临的若干重大问题开展专题研究，为编制《纲要（草案）》提供了基础。党的十六届五中全会后，国务院根据中央《建议》精神，深入研究和编制“十一五”规划，成立了由各领域专家组成的专家委员会进行咨询论证，在全国范围内开展多种形式的为“十一五”规划建言献策活动，人大代表、政协委员和各界人士提出了许多建议。《纲要（草案）》的编制过程，是发扬民主、集思广益、科学决策的过程。

The Central Committee and the State Council took the drafting of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan very seriously. The State Council began making arrangements for preparatory work for the drafting in July 2003. It organized central government departments, local governments, research institutions and experts in various fields to carry out research on major issues facing economic and social development, laying the groundwork for compiling the Outline (draft). Following the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee, the State Council carried out in-depth research based on the Proposal of the Central Committee before compiling the Eleventh Five-Year Plan. A committee of experts from various fields was set up to carry out consultation and deliberation. Suggestions were solicited in various forms nationwide, and many suggestions were submitted by deputies to the people's conGREsses, members of CPPCC committees, and people from all sectors of society. Drafting the Outline was therefore a democratic, scientific policy-making process that pooled the wisdom of the Chinese people.

《纲要（草案）》力求反映社会主义市场经济发展和改革开放新形势的要求，体现宏观性、战略性和政策性，并明确政府的工作重点和责任。从内容到形式都有所创新。在规划内容上，贯穿了落实科学发展观和构建社会主义和谐社会的战略思想，突出了“五个统筹”，突出了加强经济社会发展薄弱环节，突出了解决人民群众关注的切身利益问题，注意处理好市场机制与宏观调控的关系。在规划指标上，分为预期性和约束性两大类。预期性指标，是预计和期望达到的目标，主要通过引导市场主体行为来实现；约束性指标，是必须实现的目标，主要通过依法加强管理和提供服务来实现。在规划形式上，《纲要（草案）》采取正文加专栏的形式，在专栏中列举了有关发展指标和重点工程，使规划内容更加直观、清晰。

The Outline (draft) seeks to reflect requirements resulting from the development of the socialist market economy and implementation of the policy of reform and opening up. It is a macroscopic, strategic policy document that clearly defines the government's priorities and responsibilities. The document is original in both form and content. The content of the Outline (draft) gives specific expression to the strategic philosophy of implementing a scientific outlook on development and building a harmonious socialist society. It emphasizes the need to maintain the "five balances," strengthen weak links in economic and social development, solve the problems that concern the people and affect their vital interests, and properly balance market forces and macroeconomic regulation. The targets in the Outline (draft) are divided into two types: anticipated and obligatory. Anticipated targets are those that we expect or hope to meet, mainly by guiding the actions of market players. Obligatory targets are those that must be achieved, mainly by improving management in accordance with the law and providing services. In form, the Outline (draft) consists of a main body and a number of boxes, in which development targets and key projects are listed. The content of the main text is presented in a clear and easy-to-read way.

《纲要（草案）》的制定以第一次全国经济普查数据为基础。历时两年多的经济普查工作，进一步摸清了我国经济社会发展的基本情况，查实了国内生产总值总量和三次产业的比重，更加全面、准确地反映了国情国力。依据新的经济普查数据制定“十一五”规划，更符合实际情况，更具有科学性。

The Outline (draft) was compiled based on data from China's first economic census. This census, which took over two years to complete, gives the clearest picture yet of the basic state of the nation's economic and social development, and shows the true GDP and the true proportions of the economy accounted for by primary, secondary and tertiary industries, thus more closely and accurately reflecting China's national conditions and strength. Because it is based on the results of the first economic census, the Eleventh Five-Year Plan better reflects China's conditions and is more scientific.

（二）“十五”时期国民经济和社会发展主要情况

2. Major economic and social developments during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period

过去五年，是我国发展进程中很不平凡的五年，是继往开来、与时俱进的五年。我们摆脱了亚洲金融危机带来的冲击，战胜了非典疫情和重大自然灾害，不失时机地推进改革开放，进一步发挥市场配置资源的基础性作用，加强和改善宏观调控，保持了经济平稳较快发展。我国工业化、城镇化、市场化、国际化进程明显加快，社会生产力、综合国力和人民生活水平都跃上一个新台阶，城乡面貌发生了很大变化。

The past five years were an unusual period of development in China, one in which we built on our past achievements and kept pace with the times. We avoided any serious impact from the Asian financial crisis, prevailed over the SARS outbreak, and overcame major natural disasters. We lost no opportunity to further reform and opening up, strengthened the basic role of market forces in allocating resources, improved macroeconomic regulation, and maintained fast yet steady economic development. The pace of China's proGREss in industrialization, urbanization, market development and internationalization increased significantly; overall production capacity, overall national strength and people's living standards all reached new highs; and the appearance of both urban and rural areas underwent great changes.

五年来，我国经济实力显著增强。2005年与2000年相比，国内生产总值增长57.3%，年均增长9.5%；财政收入增长1.36倍，年均增加3647亿元。农业特别是粮食生产出现重要转机，主要工业产品产量大幅度增长，高技术产业快速发展，基础产业和基础设施建设成就斐然，在水利、能源、交通、通信等领域建成或新开工一大批重大工程。经济社会信息化程度迅速提高。

China's economic strength GREw significantly over the last five years. GDP was 57.3 percent higher in 2005 than in 2000, an average annual increase of 9.5 percent. Government revenue rose by 136 percent over the same period, up an average of 364.7 billion yuan per year. Agricultural production, particularly grain production, took a significant turn for the better. The output of major manufactured products grew substantially. High-tech industries expanded rapidly. Tremendous achievements were made in strengthening basic industries and infrastructure development. Construction of many major projects was completed, and many others were launched in such fields as water conservancy, energy, transportation and communications. IT application in the economy and society expanded rapidly.

五年来，改革开放成果丰硕。农村、国有企业、金融、财税、投资等改革和市场体系、社会保障体系建设都取得重大进展。我国加入世界贸易组织，对外开放进入新的阶段。五年间，进出口贸易总额增长两倍，实际利用外商直接投资累计2740.8亿美元。一批有竞争力的企业走向世界。

GREat successes were achieved in reform and opening up over the past five years. Major progress was made in rural reforms, in reform of state-owned enterprises, and in reform of the financial, fiscal, tax and investment systems as well as in developing a market economic system and a social security system. China's accession to the WTO began a new stage in opening up. The total import and export volume tripled over the last five years, and the amount of foreign direct investment actually used came to 274.08 billion dollars. A number of competitive enterprises went global.

五年来，人民生活明显改善。城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入，分别实际增长58.3%和29.2%。城镇新增就业4200万人。住房、通信、汽车和服务消费大幅度增加。科技、教育、文化、卫生、体育等社会事业加快发展。

People's living standards improved markedly over the last five years. Urban per capita disposable income rose by 58.3 percent and rural per capita net income GREw by 29.2 percent, both in real terms. About 42 million new jobs were created in urban areas. Consumer spending on housing, communications, cars and services grew significantly. Rapid progress was made in science and technology, education, culture, health, sports, and other social programs.

五年来，社会主义政治建设、文化建设、社会建设取得新进展。

Further proGREss was made in socialist political, cultural, and social development over the past five years.

这些辉煌成就，极大地增强了全国各族人民沿着中国特色社会主义道路奋勇前进的信心。

These splendid achievements have GREatly increased the confidence of all our ethnic groups to forge ahead on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

“十五”时期经济社会发展中也存在不少矛盾和问题。主要是：经济结构不合理，自主创新能力不强，经济增长方式转变缓慢，能源资源消耗过大，环境污染加剧；就业矛盾比较突出；投资和消费的关系不协调；城乡、区域发展差距和部分社会成员之间收入差距继续扩大；社会事业发展仍然滞后。这些问题都需要我们努力加以解决。

At the same time, we also encountered many difficulties and problems in economic and social development during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period. The main problems were an unbalanced economic structure, weak capacity for independent innovation, slow change in the pattern of economic growth, excessive consumption of energy and resources, worsening environmental pollution, serious unemployment, imbalance between investment and consumption, widening gaps in development between urban and rural areas and between regions, growing disparities between certain income groups, and inadequate development of social programs. We need to work hard to solve all these problems.

（三）“十一五”时期经济社会发展的指导原则和主要目标

3. Guiding principles and major targets for economic and social development in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period

“十一五”时期是全面建设小康社会的关键时期。综合分析各种因素，未来五年国际环境总体上对我国发展有利，但不稳定不确定因素比较多；国内有许多有利条件，同时存在不少制约因素和困难。我们要抓住机遇，趋利避害，增强忧患意识，做好克服各种困难、应对各种风险和挑战的充分准备，奋力把改革开放和现代化事业推向前进。

The Eleventh Five-Year Plan period will be a crucial time in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. A comprehensive analysis of all factors shows that on the whole the international environment will be conducive to China's development in the coming five years, but that there are quite a few unstable factors and uncertainties. Domestically, there are many favorable conditions as well as a number of restraining factors and difficulties. We should seize opportunities, exploit favorable conditions while avoiding dangers, remain vigilant against adversity, properly handle risks and challenges, and press ahead with reform and opening up and the modernization drive.

《纲要（草案）》全面贯彻落实科学发展观，体现了中央《建议》提出的重要原则，这就是：必须保持经济平稳较快发展，必须加快转变经济增长方式，必须提高自主创新能力，必须促进城乡区域协调发展，必须加强和谐社会建设，必须不断深化改革开放。贯彻这些原则，就要转变发展观念、创新发展模式、提高发展质量，切实把经济社会发展转入以人为本、全面协调可持续发展的轨道。

The Outline (draft) fully reflects a scientific outlook on development and embodies the important principles laid out in the Proposal of the Central Committee. These principles are: We must sustain steady, rapid economic development, speed up change of the pattern of economic growth, improve China's capacity for independent innovation, balance development between urban and rural areas and among regions, intensify efforts to build a harmonious society, deepen reforms and open wider to the outside world. To put these principles into practice, we need to change our way of thinking about development, create a new pattern of growth, improve the quality of development, and make economic and social development more people-oriented, comprehensive, balanced, and sustainable.

根据中央《建议》确定的指导思想和原则，《纲要（草案）》提出了“十一五”时期经济社会发展的主要目标。这些目标既与全面建设小康社会的目标相衔接，又反映了经济社会发展的阶段性特征和客观要求。这里，我仅就其中两个方面的重要目标作简要说明。

Major targets for economic and social development in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period listed in the Outline (draft) were set on the basis of the guidelines and principles set out in the Proposal of the Central Committee. These targets are designed to meet the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and they reflect conditions of the current stage of economic and social development as well as objective requirements. Now, I would like to briefly speak about just two of these targets.

一是关于经济增长速度问题。《纲要（草案）》提出，今后五年国内生产总值年均增长7.5%，这是综合考虑各方面因素，根据需要和可能提出的。按照新近公布的第一次全国经济普查数据和2005年经济增长实际结果，“十五”期间国内生产总值增长速度比原来预计的高一些，“十一五”年均增长7.5%，将会超过中央《建议》提出的2010年人均国内生产总值比2000年翻一番的要求。这个目标是积极的，经过努力是可以实现的。还需要指出，这个目标是建立在优化结构、提高效益和降低消耗基础上的。在实际执行中，各地要处理好速度和结构、效益的关系，不要片面追求和盲目攀比速度。历史经验和现实情况表明，保持经济平稳较快发展至关重要。

First is the economic growth rate. GDP growth for the next five years is set at an annual average of 7.5 percent in the Outline (draft). This figure is based on necessity and feasibility and was determined taking all factors into account. According to recently published data from the first national economic census and the actual results of economic growth in 2005, the GDP growth rate during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period was higher than originally projected. If the average annual growth rate is maintained at 7.5 percent during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the goal of doubling the 2000 per capita GDP by 2010 set in the Central Committee's Proposal will be surpassed. This is an ambitious target, but we can attain it with hard work. It should also be pointed out that this target is based on successfully improving economic structure and efficiency and reducing energy consumption. In actual implementation, each local government should balance the growth rate with structural and performance improvement, rather than single-mindedly competing with other areas for the fastest economic growth. Both historical and recent experiences show that it is crucial to maintain fast yet steady economic development.

二是关于节能和环保问题。《纲要（草案）》提出了“十一五”期间单位国内生产总值能源消耗降低20%左右、主要污染物排放总量减少10%等目标。这是针对资源环境压力日益加大的突出问题提出来的，体现了建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的要求，是现实和长远利益的需要，具有明确的政策导向。尽管实现这一目标的难度很大，但我们有信心、有决心完成。

Second is energy conservation and environmental protection. In the Outline (draft), the target for reducing energy consumption per unit of GDP is set at about 20 percent and the target for cutting the total discharge of major pollutants is set at 10 percent. These targets are designed to address the acute problem of mounting pressure on resources and the environment. They reflect the need to build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society and are necessitated by current conditions and long-term interests. They therefore provide a clear guide for policy making. Though achieving them will be quite difficult, we have the confidence and determination to succeed.

（四）“十一五”时期的战略重点和主要任务

4. Strategic priorities and major tasks during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period

《纲要（草案）》对“十一五”时期的经济建设、社会发展、改革开放等方面，都作出了全面部署，提出了明确的任务和政策措施。

The Outline (draft) lays out the overall arrangements for economic and social development and for reform and opening up in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period and sets out clear tasks and policy measures.

一是建设社会主义新农村。《纲要（草案）》把解决“三农”问题放在各项战略任务的首位。强调坚持统筹城乡经济社会发展，按照生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主的要求，扎实稳步地推进社会主义新农村建设。要进一步提高农业综合生产能力，推进农业结构调整，加强农村基础设施建设，增加农民收入。着力抓好大型粮棉油生产基地、优质粮食产业、农田水利、饮水安全、公路、沼气和农村教育、文化、卫生建设等重点工程。全面推进农村综合改革，基本完成乡镇机构、农村义务教育和县乡财政管理体制等改革任务。培养造就有文化、懂技术、会经营的新型农民。各地方、各部门必须在经济工作思路和重点上有一个大的转变。建设资金要更多地向“三农”倾斜，公共服务要更大范围地覆盖农村，全社会都要大力支持农村发展。

First, we must build a new socialist countryside. Among all the strategic tasks before us, the Outline (draft) gives top priority to solving the problems facing agriculture, rural areas and farmers. There is a heavy stress in the Outline (draft) on the need to continue balancing economic and social development in urban and rural areas and to make steady proGREss in building a new socialist countryside by developing production, improving living standards, fostering more civil behavior, improving the overall cleanliness of villages, and exercising democratic management. We need to increase overall agricultural capacity, promote agricultural restructuring, intensify development of rural infrastructure, and increase farmers' incomes. We will focus on implementing key projects to establish large production bases for grain, cotton and edible oil, industrialize production of superior quality grain varieties, build water conservancy facilities and safe drinking water supplies, build roads and methane production facilities, and develop education, culture and health in rural areas. We must also comprehensively promote overall rural reform and basically complete reform of town and township government bodies, rural compulsory education, and fiscal management in counties and townships. We need to create a new type of farmer who has a good basic education and understands both agricultural techniques and business operations. All localities and government departments must substantially change their thinking and priorities in their economic work. More development funds need to be directed toward solving the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and public services need to be made more widely available in rural areas. All of society should energetically support rural development.

二是加快推进经济结构调整和增长方式转变。我国当前经济发展中诸多问题的症结，在于结构不合理和增长方式粗放。必须按照走新型工业化道路的要求，从优化产业结构中求发展，从节约资源、保护环境中求发展。《纲要（草案）》提出，要推进工业结构优化升级，促进工业由大变强。这是针对我国工业规模已经不小，但总体素质不高、竞争力不强的现状，而提出的一个重大任务。《纲要（草案）》对推进信息化、发展高技术产业、振兴装备制造业、发展能源原材料工业等方面的主要任务和建设布局作了部署，规划了一批重大建设项目。提出要加快发展服务业特别是信息、金融、保险、物流、旅游和社区服务业，不断提高服务业的比重和水平。

Second, we must accelerate economic restructuring and change of the pattern of economic growth. Many problems impeding China's economic development arise from an unbalanced economic structure and an extensive pattern of economic growth. We must pursue development by taking a new road toward industrialization to improve the industrial structure, conserve resources and protect the environment. The Outline (draft) calls for improving and upgrading the industrial structure to make large industries stronger. This is an important task directed at the fact that although China's industries are already large, they have poor overall performance and competitiveness. The Outline (draft) sets forth the major tasks and arrangements for promoting IT application, developing high-tech industries, revitalizing the equipment-manufacturing industry, and developing the energy and raw material industries. It also contains plans for a number of major construction projects. The Outline (draft) emphasizes the importance of speeding up the development of the service sector, especially in the fields of information, finance, insurance, distribution, tourism and community services, to increase its level and its importance in the economy.

《纲要（草案）》把建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会摆在突出位置，提出了明确任务和措施，规划了一批节能重点工程、循环经济示范试点工程、生态保护和环境治理重点工程。认真落实这些任务和措施，将会明显提高资源利用效率，基本遏制生态环境恶化的趋势。我们一定要坚持不懈地努力，为人民群众创造清洁、良好的生活和工作环境，为子孙后代留下蓝天绿地、碧水青山。

Building a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society is given a high priority in the Outline (draft). It specifies clear tasks and measures and lists a number of key energy-saving projects, demonstration projects for developing a circular economy, and key projects to protect the ecology and improve the environment. Conscientiously fulfilling these tasks and measures will significantly increase the efficiency of resource consumption and basically halt the ecological and environmental deterioration. We must work ceaselessly if we are to create clean and pleasant living and working conditions for the people and leave our future generations with blue skies, GREen land, clear water and verdant mountains.

三是促进区域协调发展。《纲要（草案）》分别提出了不同区域发展的重点任务，要求健全协调互动的市场机制、合作机制、互助机制和扶持机制。《纲要（草案）》根据各个区域资源、环境承载能力和发展潜力，将国土空间划分为优化开发、重点开发、限制开发和禁止开发四类主体功能区，实施不同的区域政策。同时，强调积极稳妥地推进城镇化，发挥城市群的带动和辐射作用

Third, we must promote balanced development among regions. The Outline (draft) defines the key tasks for the development of different regions. It calls for improving the market mechanism, the mechanism for promoting cooperation, the mechanism for mutual assistance and the support mechanism to ensure balance and interaction among different regions. The Outline (draft) groups state-owned land into four types of development priority zones -- optimal development zones, key development zones, restricted development zones and non-development zones -- based on resources, the carrying capacity of the environment, and development potential. Different policies will be adopted for different zones. In addition, the document emphasizes the need to actively and steadily promote urbanization to take full advantage of the leading role of groups of cities in driving development.

四是着力增强自主创新能力。这是《纲要（草案）》的一个特点。要按照自主创新、重点跨越、支撑发展、引领未来的方针，加快建设创新型国家，全面提高原始创新能力、集成创新能力和引进消化吸收再创新能力。《纲要（草案）》提出，适应国家战略需求，启动一批重大科技专项，涉及信息、生物等战略产业领域，能源、资源、环境和人民健康等重大紧迫问题，以及军民两用技术。实施好这些重大专项，对于整合有限的科技资源、加快攻克事关全局和长远的科技难关，带动相关领域技术水平的整体提升，具有重大的现实意义和深远的战略意义。提高自主创新能力，最根本的是加快科技教育发展和人才队伍建设，《纲要（草案）》对此也作了全面部署。

Fourth, we must strive to increase our capacity for independent innovation. This features strongly in the Outline (draft). We need to follow a policy of making independent innovations and "leapfrog" advances in key areas of science and technology and supporting and guiding future development. We need to more quickly turn China into an innovation-oriented country by comprehensively enhancing our capability to make original innovations, integrate innovations and assimilate advanced foreign technologies and further refine them. The Outline (draft) calls for launching a number of major scientific and technological projects in strategic industries such as information technology and biotechnology, and projects to address important, pressing problems in energy, resources, the environment and the health of the people, as well as technologies with both military and civilian applications. Successfully implementing these projects is of major and immediate significance and will have far-reaching importance for integrating our limited scientific and technological resources, speeding up the solution of crucial scientific and technological problems with a bearing on China's overall situation and long-term development, and raising the overall technological level in those areas. Accelerating development of education in science and technology and training professionals are essential in order to improve our capacity for independent innovation. The Outline (draft) also contains a master plan for this task.

五是深化改革和扩大开放。过去二十多年，我国经济社会发展取得的一切成就，都是同坚定地推进改革开放分不开的。要完成新阶段的发展任务，也必须坚定不移地全面深化改革和扩大开放。《纲要（草案）》提出，要加快完善社会主义市场经济体制，形成有利于转变经济增长方式、促进全面协调可持续发展的体制机制。要加强对改革的总体指导和统筹协调，在推进经济体制改革的同时，继续推进政治体制改革、文化体制改革和社会管理体制改革。正确处理改革发展稳定的关系。要按照统筹国内发展和对外开放的要求，实施互利共赢的开放战略，以开放促改革促发展。在扩大开放中重视维护国家经济安全。

Fifth, we must deepen reforms and open further to the outside world. None of the achievements made in China's economic and social development during the past 20 some years would have been possible if we had not resolutely carried out the reform and opening up policy. In order to complete the tasks for the present phase of development, we must unwaveringly and comprehensively deepen reforms and open still wider to the outside world. The Outline (draft) contains the requirement to speed up improvement of the socialist market economic system, and establish systems and mechanisms conducive to changing the pattern of economic growth and promoting comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development. We need to improve overall guidance and coordination for reforms and continue to promote reform of the political and cultural systems and the system of social management while carrying out economic restructuring. Reform, development and stability must be properly balanced. In line with the requirement to balance domestic development and opening to the outside world, we will follow a win-win strategy in opening the country and promote reform and development by opening wider to the outside world. In opening wider to the outside world, we must pay particular attention to safeguarding China's economic security.

六是努力建设和谐社会。这是推进经济社会发展的重要目标和保障。《纲要（草案）》提出，要做好人口工作，扩大就业，健全社会保障体系，不断提高人民生活水平和健康水平，加强公共安全建设，加强社会主义民主政治建设和文化建设，完善社会管理体制。经过今后五年的努力，使我们的社会更加和谐，让人民群众生活得更加美好！

Sixth, we must work hard to build a harmonious society. This is an important objective of social and economic development and guarantee for it. The Outline (draft) calls for doing a good job in population work; creating more jobs; improving the social security system, people's living standards and health and public safety; building socialist democracy; promoting cultural proGREss; and improving the system of social management. By working hard over the next five years, we can certainly make China a more harmonious country and enable the people to live even better lives!

各位代表！

Fellow Deputies,

全面完成今年和“十一五”期间的任务，对各级政府提出了更高的要求。必须大力加强政府自身改革和建设。Fulfilling all the tasks for this year and the entire period of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan places increased demands on governments at all levels. This means we must GREatly intensify internal reform and self-improvement efforts.

我们要加快推进行政管理体制改革，进一步转变政府职能。继续推进政企分开，减少和规范行政许可和行政审批。坚决把不该由政府管理的事交给市场、企业、社会组织和中介机构。切实转变政府管理经济方式，加强社会管理和公共服务职能。大力推行政务公开，完善政府新闻发布制度和信息公布制度，提高工作透明度和办事效率。建立健全行政问责制，提高政府执行力和公信力。

We will accelerate reform of the administrative system and further transform government functions. We will continue to separate government functions from enterprise management, reduce the number of matters requiring administrative examination and approval, and standardize procedures for doing so. We will resolutely transfer responsibility for matters the government should not manage to the markets, enterprises, civil organizations and intermediary organizations. We will change the way the government manages the economy and improve its social management and public service functions. We will make government more open and improve the system for releasing information. We will establish a sound administrative accountability system, improve the government's ability to perform its duties and strengthen public trust.

我们要深入开展廉政建设和反腐败斗争。认真落实惩治和预防腐败的各项任务和措施。今年要集中开展治理商业贿赂专项工作，重点治理工程建设、土地出让、产权交易、医药购销和政府采购等领域的商业贿赂问题，坚决纠正不正当交易行为，依法查处商业贿赂案件。要继续纠正损害群众利益的不正之风，着力解决教育乱收费、医疗高收费等突出问题。

We will work hard to build a clean government and combat corruption. We will conscientiously carry out all tasks and measures for punishing and preventing corruption. We will launch a campaign this year to combat bribery in business, focusing on unhealthy practices in construction, land transfers, property transactions, purchase and sale of drugs, and government procurement, in order to resolutely put a stop to irregular transactions, and we will investigate and prosecute cases of bribery in business in accordance with the law. We will continue to remedy improper practices that harm public interests and strive to resolve such outstanding problems as arbitrary educational charges and excessively high medical costs.

我们要认真贯彻实施公务员法，加强对公务员的教育、管理和监督。坚持从严治政，赏罚分明。各级政府工作人员特别是领导干部要忠于职守，勤勉尽责，全心全意为人民服务；要顾全大局，加强纪律性，做到令行禁止，不折不扣地执行国家的法律法规、方针政策；要艰苦奋斗，勤俭节约，反对铺张浪费；要求真务实，力戒空谈，克服官僚主义、形式主义、弄虚作假和浮夸作风，把各项任务和部署真正落到实处。

We must implement the Civil Servant Law and improve the training, supervision and oversight of civil servants. We will run the government strictly and mete out reward or punishment on clear grounds. Government employees at all levels, especially leading officials, must be devoted, diligent and responsible and serve the people wholeheartedly. They need to keep the overall picture in mind, be well disciplined, carry out administrative decrees promptly, and implement all laws, regulations, principles and policies to the letter. They need to work hard, be thrifty, and oppose waste and extravagance. They also need to be realistic and pragmatic in their approach to work, refrain from making empty promises, triumph over bureaucracy, formalism, deception and exaggeration, and fully carry out all tasks and assignments.

各位代表！

Fellow Deputies,

我们国家正站在新的历史起点上，朝着全面建设小康社会的目标阔步前进。我们要更加紧密地团结在以胡***同志为总书记的党中央周围，高举邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想伟大旗帜，凝聚13亿人民的智慧和力量，坚定信心，奋发图强，努力把“十一五”规划的宏伟蓝图变为美好现实，谱写社会主义现代化事业的新篇章。任何艰难险阻都挡不住我们前进的步伐。我们的目标一定要达到！我们的目标一定能够达到！

China is now standing at a new historical starting point as we march toward the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. We must unite even closer around the Central Committee with Comrade ^^ as General Secretary, hold high the GREat banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, pool the wisdom and strength of our 1.3 billion people, work diligently and confidently to achieve success, strive to make the great Eleventh Five-Year Plan into a bright reality, and write a new chapter in the history of our socialist modernization drive. No difficulties or obstacles can impede our progress. We must achieve our goals! And we definitely can achieve them!