有一位语法学家曾经说过,写文章或发表言论好像修房子,词汇就像建筑材料,语法就像建筑技术。如果没有材料,建筑者的技术再好,也无法施展。从这个比方可以看出,词汇在学习英语过程中的重要性。
第二册1~14单元
1.a moment ago =a short time ago;just now意指“一会儿以前;刚才”。这个短语一般用于表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,当它在句子中作状语时,谓语动词应当用过去时。例如:
He waited for you here a moment ago.他刚才在这儿等你了。
John called his parents a moment ago.约翰刚才给父母亲打电话了。
She is outside just now.此时她在外面。
它在表示a short time ago时,谓语动词则须用过去时。例如:
I was in another room just now.刚才我在另一个房间。
Did you see her at the cinema just now?刚才你在电影院看见她了吗?
2.afraid =frightened,意指“害怕的”。它是一个表语形容词,只能用作表语,不能作定语。例如:
Most children are afraid of dogs.大多数小孩怕狗。
He is afraid to see his father.他害怕见他父亲。
在口语中,I'm afraid常用来表示歉意或客气,没有“恐惧”之意,相当于I'm sorry,从而引出不愿发生、可能会使对方失望的情况。例如:
I'm afraid I can't help you.恐怕我无法帮助你。
I'm afraid your answer is wrong.你的答案恐怕是错的。
3.aGREe =say yes;think the same as someone else,意指“答应;同意”。可用作及物动词,后接动词不定式或that从句。例如:
She aGREed to come here tonight.她答应今晚来。
We aGREed(that)we would help him.我们同意帮助他。
aGREe用作不及物动词时,与to,with,on等介词构成短语动词。
4.all the same =of no difference;yet;just the same,意指“一样地;仍然;照样”。例如:
It's hot but he's watching a football match at home all the same.天气很热,他照样在家里看足球赛。
It's all the same to me if it's rainy tomorrow.就是明天下雨,我都无所谓。
—Sorry,I don't know where she lives.对不起,我不知道她住在哪儿。
—Thank you all the same.I'll ask the girl over there.还是要谢谢你。我问问那个女孩。
5.another =a different(one),意指“再一;又一;另一”。它既是形容词,也是代词。例如:
Please show me another pencil.请再给我拿一支铅笔看看。
They're singing in another classroom.他们在另一个教室唱歌。
6.as conj.①=when;while,意指“当……之时”。例如:
The girl is crying as she is running.女孩边跑边哭。
②=in the way;in which,“按照……方式;像……”。例如:
He had to do as his teacher said.他不得不按老师说的去做。
I work as others do.我像其他人一样工作。
as是个连词,like是个介词,二者不能混淆。试比较:
He walks as a duck(does).他像鸭子一样走路。(句子有省略)
He walks like a duck.他走路像个鸭子。(句子没有省略)
7.ask for①=request;ask to be given,意指“请求;向……要”。例如:
She asked for our help.她请求我们的帮助。
The boy asks me for more cake.这个男孩要我给他更多的蛋糕。
②=demand;ask to see,意指“要求(见)”。例如:
The lady is asking for Mr.Hyde.这位太太求见海德先生。
8.above prep.①=higher than,意指“在……上面;高于”。例如:
We were flying above the clouds.我们在云层上飞行。
The temperature will stay above zero in the daytime.白天气温将在零度以上。
Dick is above me in the school.迪克在学校里比我强。
②=over;more than,表示在数量或年龄上“胜过;在……以上”。例如:
That woman is above fifty.那位妇人已经超过五十岁了。
It is above /over /more than twenty kilometres from here.离这儿有二十多公里。
9.ago adv.=before意指“(距今)……以前”。例如:
She died four years ago.她死于四年前。
Mr Jones came here two days ago.两天前琼斯先生来到这里。
He called you a few minutes ago.他几分钟前给你打电话了。
I went to Europe long ago.我很久以前去过欧洲。
10.along(1)prep.=following the line of;from one end to the other,意指“沿着;顺着”。例如:
We went for a walk along the road.我们沿着公路散步。
Walk along this road,and take the fourth turning on the left.沿着这条路往前走,在第四个路口往左拐。
(2)adv.=forward;with others,意指“向前;和……一起;一道”。例如:
Let's walk along.咱们向前走。
Move along,please!请向前走!
We traveled along with his two friends.我们与他的两个朋友一道旅行。