强调句型是英语中的一种重要的句子结构，它是英语学习者必须掌握的一种重要句型，因而在高考英语试卷中占有一席之地，且其命题从基本结构重点难点的角度切入。本文拟结合高考试题对强调句型的各个方面作如下归纳。
一、 强调句型的基本结构
强调句型的基本结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其它部分”。当被强调部分为sb.，且在句中作主语时，可用who，也可用that，其它情况一律用that。强调主语时，that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语人称与数保持一致。如：
It is they who often help me with my lessons.
It is I who am to blame.
It was in
It was in 1976 that Tom knew her.
在强调句中，去掉It is/was...that/who后，句子结构仍然完整、正确，句意仍明确、全面。
二、强调成分
1、强调主语、宾语。如:
It was John who/that helped me yesterday. (强调主语)
It was the two girls that the teacher praised yesterday. (强调宾语)
It was the ability to do the job_________matters not where you come from or what you are. (NMET2000)
A. one B. that C. what D. it
强调主语the ability to do the job，故选B。
2、强调状语。如：
It was at the gate of our school that we gave the visitors a warm welcome. (强调地点状语)
It was with GREat joy that he received the news that his long lost son would soon return home. (强调程度状语)
It is by bus that Mary usually goes to school. (强调方式状语)
It was three years ago that I came to this school. (强调时间状语)
注意：a. 强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，要用that，不能用when, where, why或how。如：
It was about 600 years ago the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. (NMET’97)
A. that B. until C. before D. when
很明显，这是对时间状语的强调，故选A。
It was only when I reread his poems recently I began to appreciate their beauty. (NMET’ 98)
A. until B. that C. then D. so
本句强调时间状语 when I reread his poems recently，故选B。
It was because of bad weather the football match had to be put off. (2003 上海春季)
A. so B. so that C. why D. that
本句强调原因状语because of bad weather, 故选D。
It was where there had been a theatre they built a new modern school.
A. where B. in which C. that D.so
本句强调地点状语where there had been a theatre, 故选C。
b. 使用强调句型对状语进行强调时，有必要将其与下列句型区分开来。
我们来比较下面的句子：
1) It was in the evening that the soldiers arrived at the small mountain village. (强调句型)
It was evening when the soldiers arrived at the small mountain village. (when引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)
2) It was at 3 o’clock that they came back. (强调句型)
It was 3 o’clock when they came back. (when引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)
3) It is for three hours that they have been back. (强调句型)
It was three hours before they came back. (before引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)
It is three hours since they came back. (since引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)
再如：It was raining when they came back.
It is true that he once went to
It is a surprise that Mary should have won the first prize.
3、对“not...until...”结构的强调，要用“It is/was not until...that...”这一固定句型。由于否定已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。如：
It was not she took off her dark glasses I realized she was a famous film star. (NMET’ 92)
A. when; that B. until; that
C. until; when D. when; then
正确答案为 B。
It was not until 1920 regular radio broadcasts began. (NMET’95)
A. while B. which
C. that D. since
正确答案为C。
4、强调含有定语从句的主、宾、状语时，要确定好强调标志“that”的位置。如：
Was it at the school which was named after a hero that he spent his childhood?
It was in the shop which was opened last month that he bought the book.
It was the girl whose father worked abroad that lent me the book.
Was it in 1982 when you were in college that you got to know her?
三、强调句型的疑问句型
例一：Was it during the Second World War he died? (MET’88)
A. that B. while C. in which D. then
此句为强调句的一般疑问句，故选A。
再如：Is it you who often help the old woman with her housework ?
Was it in her fifties that Mary began to learn Russian ?
Was it at a theatre that Abraham Lincoln was shot ?
强调句的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was it...that/who...?
例二：Who helped you work out the maths problem ?
A. was he B. it was who
C. was it that D. it was
此句为强调句型的特殊疑问句，故选C。
再如：Where was it that you found the lost child ?
Who was it that invented the telephone?
Why was it that you refused his offer of help ?
How was it that they managed to finish the work in such a short time ?
强调句的特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词＋is/was it that...？注意在强调句的疑问句型中，强调标志that/who后只能使用陈述语序。
比较：Was it by plane that did he come back ?(×)
Was it by plane that he came back? (√)
When was it that the Second World War broke out? (√)
When was it that did the Second World War break out ?(×)
巩固练习：
1.It is these poisonous products__________can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. (2003 )
A. who B. that C. how D. what
2.I feel it is your husband who__________for the spoiled child.
A. is to blame B. is going to blame
C. is to be blamed D. should blame
3.It was for this reason__________her uncle moved out of
A. which B. why
C. that D. how
4.—Where was it__________the road accident happened yesterday ?
—In front of the market.
A. when B. that C. which D. how
5.It was not until she had arrived home__________her appointment with the doctor.
A. did she remember
B. that she remembered
C. when she remembered
D. had she remembered
6.It was not until 1956__________liberated.
A. that the town was
B. did the town
C. was the town
D. that was the town
参考答案：1—6 BACBBA
