4.合成副词构成方法。请看下表:
构成方式 |
例 词 |
例词含义 |
副词+副词 |
however |
但是 |
代词+副词 |
anywhere |
任何时候 |
副词+名词 |
downstairs |
在楼下 |
形容词+名词 |
anyway |
无论如何 |
5.合成代词构成方法。
some, no, every可以与-thing, -one, -body, -where合成代词。如someone (某人), somebody (某人), something(某事), somewhere (某地) , everyone (每人),
everybody (每人), everything (任何东西), everywhere (任何地方), no one (没人), nobody (没人), nothing (没物), nowhere (无处)。
二、掌握拼写方式。
有些合成词由两个单词合成后还写成两个单词,如fairy tale(神话;童话);有些合成词由两个单词合成后合写成一个词,如schoolyard(校园), upstairs(在楼上), downtown(市镇的);更多的合成词由两个词合成后写成一个词,但中间加连字符,如pencil-box (铅笔盒), man-made(人造的);还有一些合成词由两个词合成后既可连起来写,又可分开来写,如forever, for ever(永远)。
三、掌握理解手段。
为了扩充词汇量以适应高考阅读需要,同学们应尽可能多记忆常见合成词,当然记住所有合成词是不可能的。随着科技的进步,信息的增加,还会出现大量反映现代科技和生活的新合成词。同学们应结合语境利用合成词构词规律猜测其含义。
例1:“Even when a man is said to be a best friend,”Rubin writes,“the two share little about their innermost feelings...”(NMET2001 阅读理解E篇)
析:innermost为合成词,inner为形容词,指“内部的”,?鄄most为后缀,指“最”。显然,innermost 合起来意为“最内部的”,即“内心最深处的”。
例2: However, most of our ideas about the future are really very short-sighted. Perhaps we can see some possibilities for the next fifty years. But the next hundred? The next thousand? The next million? (NMET2000 阅读理解D篇)
析:short-sighted为合成词,short 为形容词,指“短的”,sight为名词,指“视力;视野”。结合语境不难猜出该词含义为“目光短浅的”。
例3:Sorting(分类) recyclables before they are collected saves the use of expensive materials recovery equipment which otherwise has to do the sorting...Shantzis believes his system could help recycled materials become more cost?鄄effective.(NMET2000 阅读理解E篇)
析:既然分类回收垃圾可以回避使用昂贵的装置,说明这种分类回收装置可以节约费用,而cost-effective由cost 和effective 合并而成,既然“成本有效”,就是“划算的”,也就能节约资金,正好与上文意思吻合。
例4: If we make the earth a poor place to live on because we are careless or GREedy(贪婪) or quarrelsome, our grandchildren will not bother to think of excuses for us.
(NMET2000 阅读理解D篇)
析:quarrel意为“争吵”,-some为后缀,构成形容词,结合语境可猜出“quarrelsome”意为“爱吵架的”。