点击think,believe等后接宾语从句的惯用法

为便于同学们将知识系统化和网络化，现将think, believe等动词后接宾语从句的有关惯用法归纳如下：

一、否定转移

当think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接的宾语从句为含有not的否定句时，该否定应移至主句，即否定主句的谓语动词。例如：

I don’t think it will rain tomorrow.

We don’t expect our football team will win the World Cup.

但hope后接的宾语从句的否定不需要转移。例如：

I hope you weren’t ill. (Unit 15 READING)

需要特别说明的是：涉及到转移的只是not，not以外的其它否定词，如no, never, hardly, few, little, seldom等，不必转移。例如：

I believe my brother has never been late for school.

We can imagine birds can hardly live without these woods.

二、反意疑问句的构成视情况不同有两种

think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时，视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。

1.当主句的主语为第一人称时，其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。例如：

I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won’t she/he?

We suppose you have finished the project, haven’t you?

值得注意的是，当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时，其仍属否定句，故其后的简短问句应用肯定式，而非否定式。例如：

I don’t believe that he can translate this book, can he?

We don’t imagine the twins have arrived, have they?

此类句子的回答同“前否后肯”型反意疑问句一样，如上述后一个句子，若双胞胎已经到了，则回答为“Yes, they have.”；若尚未到达，使用“No, they haven’t.”。

2.当主句的主语为第二、三人称时，其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致。例如：

Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn’t she?

You thought they could have completed the project, didn’t you?

They don’t believe she’s an engineer, do they?

She doesn’t expect that we are coming so soon, does she?

三、简略回答用so或not

口语中，可以用so或not替代这些动词之后的肯定或否定的宾语从句，以避免重复。例如：

1. — Are you able to come to our party tomorrow?

  —I think so. What time? (so= I am able to come to your party tomorrow)

2. —Is my car ready?

  —I believe not. (I don’t believe so.)

这里的not = it is not ready；so = it is ready。

3. —Is Peter coming to the concert?

—I expect so/not.

需要说明的是，在think, imagine, believe三词的否定答语中，用don’t think/imagine/believe so比用not更为常见。hope则只能使用not，不能使用don’t hope so。例如：

4. —Will it rain the day after tomorrow?

—I hope so. / I hope not. (不能说： I don’t hope so.)