三)限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别
1.限定性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的修饰成分,如删除,主句的意思就不完整或不明确;非限定性定语从句是先行词的补充或附加说明,即使删除,主句的意思依然清楚。
Those who want to go please hand in their money tonight.想去的人请今晚把钱交上来。(限制性,删除后意思不明确)
A library is a place where books are kept.图书馆是藏书的地方。(限制性,删除后句子意思不完整)
Is this the book (that)you want to borrow?
这就是你要借的那本书吗?(限定性,删除后意思不明确)
They are talking about the film,which they saw yesterday.他们正在谈论那部电影,是昨天看的那部片子。(非限定性)
This is a Chinese-English dictionary,which I borrowed from Li Ping.
这是一本英汉词典,我是从李平那里借的。(非限定性)
2.限定性定语从句与主句之间不能用逗号分开,而非限定性定语从句常用逗号与主句分开。
He lives in the city of Wuhu,which is less than 150 kilometers from Nanjing.他住在芜湖市,离南京不到150公里。
I know the driver,whom you were talking with just now.我认识那位司机,就是刚才同你说话的那位。
3.限定性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或代词,而非限定性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是整个主句。
He is one of the students who (that)have been invited.他是被邀请的学生之一。(the students)
He doesn't know English,which you already know.他不懂英语,这一点你已知道。(先行词为整个主句)
As we expected,she didn't pass the exam.正如我们所料,她未能通过考试。(先行词为整个主句)
4.限定性定语从句可以用that引导,非限定性从句无论指人还是指物均不能用that,指人用who,指物用which。
I don't like the book which (that)she sent me.
Do you know the girl who (that)is standing by the door?
This is Comrade Li Fen,who comes from Beijing University.
She lost the English book,which was given by Alice.
5.限定性定语从句的关联词做宾语时常可省略,非限定性定语从句的关联词一般不能省略。
6.引导非限定性定语从句的关系副词有where和when。why只能引导限定性定语从句。
He lives in a faraway village,where he can enjoy fresh air and si-lence.他住在一个偏远的村庄,在那他可以享受新鲜空气和宁静。
In the old days,when I was a child,there was no cinema in the town.过去,当我还是个孩子时,镇上没有电影院。
when在引导一个有逗号和前面句子隔开的句子时,常被看作并列连词,其意义相当于and then,just then,at the time等。
The meeting will be put off till the day after tomorrow,when all the comrades will be back from the farm.会议被推迟到后天,这时所有的同志将从农场返回。
7.限定性定语从句译成中文时,通常和先行词一起译出,作为定语;非限定性定语从句往往被译成单句,起补充说明的作用。
