(三)宾语从句知识要点
A.宾语从句的类型
宾语从句有以下三类:1)that引导的(由陈述句演变而来);2)if或whether引导的(由一般疑问句演变而来);3)连接代词或副词引导的(由特殊疑问句演变而来)。例如:
She often says that she likes China and the Chinese food.
I asked him if he had seen the film before.
We don't know who took away the umbrella.
B.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序为陈述语序(即正常语序),而非疑问语序(即倒装语序),第2)、3)类宾语从句极易出现这类错误。例如:
[误] She asked me what was my name.
[正] She asked me what my name was.
[误] I asked you how many days did you stay there.
[正] I asked you how many days you stayed there.
C.宾语从句的时态呼应
宾语从句的时态通常应与主句时态保持一致,也就是说,当主句时态为一般过去时时,从句的时态应使用相应的过去范畴的时态,如:一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时等。
We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would leave office soon.
He asked the students whether they had finished their homework.
但若宾语从句表示的是科学道理、客观真理、经常性的习惯动作以及现在依然存在的动作、状态等时,则仍应用现在范畴的时态。例如:
The teacher told us that the earth is round and that it moves around the sun.老师告诉我们,地球是圆的,它绕着太阳转。
He said his mother is still in hospital.他说他母亲还在住院。(转述时还在住院)
D.宾语从句的否定转移
1.动词think,believe,suppose,expect等后的宾语从句的谓语如果是否定的话,则其否定应转移到主句上来。例如:
I don't think what he has said is true.我认为他说的不是真的。(我不认为他说的是真的。)
I didn't exepct he could be back so soon.
2.主句谓动为think,believe,suppose,expect等表示“看法”、“观点”的动词且主语为第一人称时,复合句的简短问句应与宾语从句的主语和谓语一致,而不是和主句一致。例如:We don't suppose they'll be late,will they? 我们猜测他们不会迟到,他们会吗?
I don't think she's done her homework,_____ ? (上海 97)
A.do I B.do you C.has she D.hasn't she (答案为C)
