阅读理解测试题型分析（7）

5主旨归纳型

归纳型试题主要考查对文章中心思想的归纳能力，即在理解内容基础上的综合能力。考查的内容包括：概括全文主题或中心思想，确定文章标题等。通常需在通读全文后方能确定出答案。该题型的问题设计模式变化多样，既有针对全文中心思想的题目，也有确定某段落主旨的题目。试题的干扰项具有以下特点：

a．干扰项内容覆盖面过大，太笼统，超出论述范围；

b．干扰项内容覆盖面太窄，只涉及部分内容；

c．选择项仅为若干细节；

d．选择项与原文内容有关，但偏离文章主旨；

e．选择项与原文毫不相干。

解答主旨归纳试题时应运用解题技巧，排除干扰。具体做法是：既要区别事实与观点，避免将实验、观察的现象与作者个人观点混淆不清；又要把握文章中心思想，理清不同见解，排除作者用来进行对照、比较的其他事实或观点。

1）选定标题

文章的标题取决于文章内容。英语标题的特点很鲜明，文章标题多以短语或简单句为主，一般省略冠词、be动词或作定语的人称代词。选择标题的原则是：一要切题，概括全文宗旨；二要简洁，文字简单明确。

解答该类试题时，比较实用的方法是：首先要留心在原文找出主题句，接着对主题句进行简化处理，使其向中心思想靠拢，然后根据内容确定最恰当的标题。例：

（1）The Einstein Observatory is an orbiting spacecraft that is mapping in

detail extremely distant sources of x-rays．It has sent back information

that has led to a new concept of how the universe was found．Some

leading scientists now conclude that the evolution of the universe

depended heavily on sequences of explosions and that the shock

waves that followed them may have played an important part in

galaxy formation．

Q：What is the best title for this passage？

A）New Ideas about Einstein's Theory

B）M apping the Galaxies by Satellites

C）New Ideas on the Formation of the Universe

D）The Evolution of X-rays

品黄黑MYK 答案：C）

（2）One of the most important weapons used during the Second World

War was not a weapon used against people，but rather a drug used

against disease．The wartime use of penicillin saved thousands of lives．

In the First World War，for example，pneumonia was responsible for

eighteen percent of all the deaths in the United States army．In the

Second World War，the rate went down to less than one percent．In

addition，penicillin was instrumental in keeping wounds from getting

infected and in helping to speed the healing process of those wounds

that did become infected．

Q：Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？

A）A Dangerous Weapon

B）Guns in the Second World War

C）An Epidemic of Pneumonia

D）An Important Drug

答案：D）

2）掌握大意

掌握大意是概括主题、阐述中心思想的一种方式。解答该类题可以从两个方面入手：（1）通过主题句抓住大意；（2）寻找关键的题解词或题解句。文章中的关键词大多是实义词，而不是冠词或介词或功能词，那些反复出现的关键词往往和文章的大意密切相关。例：

（1）Nast played an important role in President Lincoln's reelection．In

1864the war was not going well for the North．M any people blamed

Lincoln．They were tired of the war．The Democratic candidate，

General George B．M cCellan，promised peace at any time．Lincoln

didn't think he had a chance to be reelected．In August he wrote，“It

seems exceedingly probable that this administration will not be re-

品黄黑MYK elected．”Buthe had notcounted on the supportofThomas Nast．Nast

drew cartoons showing M cCellan as a man who would compromise

with the South．The cartoons were effective，and helped President

Lincoln win the re-election．

Q：What is the author's main point？

A）Lincoln asked Thomas Nast for help，but Nast refused．

B）Voters wanted a compromise with the South．

C）Lincoln thought the voters would blame him for not ending the

war．

D）Thomas Nast's cartoons helped to reelect Lincoln．

答案：D）

（2）Employment became widespread when enclosures of the 17th and

18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by

depriving them of the use of the land，and thus of the means to

provide a living for themselves．Then the factory system destroyed the

cottage industries and removed work from people's homes．Later，as

transport improved，first by rail and then by road，people traveled

longer distances to their places of employment until，eventually，many

people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places

in which they lived．

Q：As a result of the enclosures of the 17th and 18the centuries，

．

A）people were no longer legally entitled to own land

B）people were forced to look elsewhere for means of supporting

themselves

C）people were not adequately compensated for the loss of their

land

品黄黑MYK D）people were badly paid for the work they managed to find

答案：B）